Death of the Chesapeake: A History of the Military?s Role in Polluting the Bay

INDICE: Preface xiii Special Recognition for Those Who Enlightened the Author on Underwater Issues or on the Chesapeake Bay Itself xv List of Acronyms xvii Introduction xix 1 The Formation of the Bay and Its Drainage Area 1 References 5 2 Nutrient Dynamics, Depletion, and Replenishment 7 2.1 Nutrient Loads and Oxygen Depletion 7 2.2 Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Munitions 8 2.3 Munitions Disposal Areas 9 2.4 Chemical Weapons Disposal in the Bay 10 2.5 Total Yearly Contaminant Loads from Federal Facilities Entering the Chesapeake Bay 11 2.6 Sewage Contamination by Military Facilities 11 References 12 3 Safety Issues with Old Munitions 15 3.1 Old Explosives Can Spontaneously Detonate 17 References 27 4 Artillery Shells in the Bay 29 4.1 Bloodsworth Island Range 29 4.2 Seacoast Artillery 33 4.3 Fort Meade 35 4.4 Naval Research Laboratory – Chesapeake Bay Detachment 36 4.5 Aberdeen Proving Ground 36 References 37 5 Bombs in the Bay 39 5.1 Langley AFB 40 5.2 Tangier Island 43 5.3 Atlantic Test Ranges, Patuxent River, Maryland 45 5.4 Plum Tree Island 49 5.5 Ragged Point 51 5.6 Hebron Bomber Airport (Intersection of Route 50 & Route 347) 52 5.7 Accidental Bombing of Wittman, MD 52 References 54 6 Mines and Torpedoes in the Bay 55 6.1 The Disappearing Droids of Chesapeake Bay 56 6.2 Patuxent Naval Mine Warfare Test Station 57 References 59 7 Military Munitions and Explosives Factories 61 7.1 Triumph Industries 61 7.2 US Penniman Shell Loading Plant 63 7.3 Chestertown, MD, Munitions Plant 64 References 64 8 Contamination from Military Constituents Leading to Environmental and Human Health Concerns 65 8.1 Potential Health Effects of the Munitions Constituents Closely Associated with Military Munitions 66 8.2 Perchlorates 67 8.3 Lead 71 8.4 Explosive Contaminants 72 8.5 Sampling for Military Contaminants 76 References 76 9 Chemical Weapons Sites on Chesapeake Bay or in the Watershed 79 9.1 Aberdeen Proving Ground 79 9.2 Pooles Island 91 9.3 Berlin, MD 91 9.4 American University Experiment Station 92 9.5 Patuxent River Chemical Incineration 97 9.6 Langley 97 9.7 Naval Research Laboratory – Chesapeake Bay Detachment 97 9.8 Washington Navy Yard 102 9.9 Tidewater Community College – Suffolk 103 9.10 Other Hampton Rhodes, Norfolk, Virginia Beach Sites 103 References 104 10 Military Facilities Grouped by Speci?c Areas or on Speci?c Rivers 107 10.1 Potomac River 107 10.2 Anacostia River 119 10.3 Severn River 128 10.4 Norfolk (Hampton Rhodes Area) 128 References 134 1 1 Radioactive Contamination 137 References 139 12 PCB and Other Ship Contamination 141 12.1 Navy Use of Polychlorinated Biphenyls 141 References 147 13 Environmental Justice 149 References 151 14 Cleaning Up the Bay’s Munitons 153 Conclusion 153 References 158 Appendix I 159 Executive Order and Comments 159 Appendix II 167 Laws Protecting the Chesapeake Bay and Other Bodies of Water 167 Appendix III 173 Military Facilities in The Norfolk, Virginia Area Coast Guard Restrictions Due To Military Opperations 173 Appendix IV 179 Listing Of Related Defense and Chesapeake Bay Research 179 Appendix V 181 Title 33 – Navigation and Navigable Waters 181 Appendix VI 183 Federal Facilities Superfund Sites 183 Appendix VII 187 1994 Tri Data 187 Appendix VIII 189 Installations Within The Chesapeake Bay Watershed 189 Appendix IX 193 Fish Advisories 193 Bibliography 195 Subject and Site Index 205

• ISBN: 978-1-118-68627-0
• Editorial: John Wiley & Sons
• Encuadernacion: Cartoné
• Páginas: 232
• Fecha Publicación: 12/07/2013
• Nº Volúmenes: 1
• Idioma: Inglés