Biocomposites are widely used in the medical industry to repair and restore bone, tooth, cartilage skin and other tissues. Biomedical composites, provides a thorough review of the current status, recent progress and future trends in composites for biomedical applications. Part one discusses the fundamentals of biocomposites with chapters on natural composites, design and fabrication of biocomposites, and hard and soft tissue applications of biocomposites. Part two then reviews applications of biocomposites. Chapters discuss composites for bone repair, composite coatings for implants, composites for spinal implants, injectable composites and composites for tissue engineered scaffolds. Chapters in part three discuss the biocompatibility, mechanical behaviour and failure of biocomposites with such topics as cellular response, testing of biocomposites and tribology of biocomposites. Finally part four reviews the future for biocomposites with chapters on nano-structured biocomposites, developing biocomposites as scaffolds and biocomposites in tissue engineering and regenerativemedicine. With its distinguished editor and team of international contributors, Biomedical composites will be an essential reference to materials scientists and researchers in industry and academia, as well as all those concerned with this increasingly important field. INDICE: PART 1 INTRODUCTION TO BIOCOMPOSITES Natural composites: structure-properties relationships in bone, cartilage, ligament and tendons M Purbrick and L Ambrosio, National Research Council, M Ventre and P Netti, University ofNaples "Federico II", Italy Introduction. Bone. Cartilage. Tendons and ligaments. Conclusions: implications for tissue regeneration and tissue repair. Sources of further information. References. Design and fabrication of biocomposites L K Cardon and K J Ragaert, University College Ghent - Ghent University, Belgium and R P Koster, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Introduction. The different production techniques for biocomposite parts. Conventional composite processing techniques. Solution-based techniques. Solid free-form fabrication technologies. Influence of the processing parameters on the materialcharacteristics of biocomposites. Designing with biocomposites for medical applications. Conclusions. References. Hard tissue applications of biocompositesK E Tanner, University of Glasgow, UK Introduction. Head and neck applications. Axial skeleton applications. Advantages in the use of composites for hard tissue applications. Disadvantages in the use of composites for hard tissue applications. Future trends. References. Soft tissue applications of biocomposites M Santin, University of Brighton, UK Introduction. Composite nature of soft tissue extracellular matrices. Composite biomaterials for soft tissue repair. Use of biocomposites in clinical intervention for soft tissue repair. Conclusions. References. PART 2 PARTICULAR APPLICATIONS OF BIOCOMPOSITES Composite materials for bone repair L Grondahl and K Jack, The University of Queensland, Australia Introduction. Component selection and general design considerations. Fabrication of particulate composites. Fabrication of nano-composites. Template-mediated formation of nano-composites. Composite scaffolds. Key challenges and concluding remarks. Sources of further information and advice. References. Composite coatings for implants and tissue engineering scaffolds M Wang, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Introduction. Design of composite coatings. Technologies for the surface modification of biomaterials. Composite coatings for implants. Composite coatings for tissue engineering scaffolds. Concluding remarks. Acknowledgements. References. Composite materials for spinal implants A Gloria, R De Santis, and L Ambrosio, National Research Council and F Causa, University of "Magna Graecia", Italy Introduction. Structure and function of the spine. Materials and design of spinal implants: the state of the art. Composite materials: basic concepts. Polymer-based composite materials for spinal implants. Conclusions and future trends. References. Composites for dental applications S N Nazhat, McGill University, Canada Restorative dental composites. Matrix monomers. Reinforcing agents. Silane coupling agents. Classification ofdental composites. General property requirement of dental composites. A briefoverview of fibrous composites in dental applications. Conclusion. Sources offurther information and advice. Acrylic bone cements for joint replacement S Deb, King's College London Dental Institute, UK Introduction. Acrylic bone cement. Properties of acrylic bone cements. Radiopacifiers in bone cements. Antibiotic-laden bone cements. Composite cements. Conclusion. References. Compositematerials for ligaments and tendons L Ambrosio, A Gloria, National Research Council and F Causa, University of "Magna Graecia", Italy Introduction. Ligaments and tendons: tissue biology and anatomy. State of the art on proposed devices for ligaments and tendons replacement. Fibre-reinforced composite materials: fundamentals and technology. Composite materials for tissue replacement and as scaffolds for tissue engineering approach. Conclusion and future trends. References. Injectable composites for bone repair P Weiss and A Fatimi,Université de Nantes, France Introduction. Classifications of injectable bone substitute. Stability, rheology and injectability of injectable bone substitute. Biological behaviors of injectable bone substitute. Injectable bone substitute for bone tissue engeenering. Conclusion. Bibliography. Composite materials for hip joint prostheses R De Santis, A Gloria and L Ambrosio, National Research Council, Italy Introduction. Properties of the hip joint. Materials for hip arthroplasty. Composite hip. References. Harnessing the properties of fiber-reinforced composites in the design of tissue-engineered scaffolds A T Di Benedetto andL Pinatti, University of Connecticut, USA Introduction. Harnessing directional properties of biomaterials. The morphology of load-bearing tissues. The designer's tools. In silico computational analysis. Computer-aided tissue engineering (CATE). Case studies. Future trends. Acknowledgement. References. PART 3 BIOCOMPATIBILITY, MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR AND FAILURE OF BIOCOMPOSITES The challenge of biocompatibility evaluation of biocomposites J M Anderson and G Voskerician, Case Western Reserve University, USA Introduction. Biocompatibility and the biological environment. Surface effects and characterization. Evaluation ofbiocompatibility: the relevance of employed analyses. Surface characterization. Future trends. References. Cellular response to biocomposites P Jayakumar and L Di Silvio, King's College London Dental Institute, UK Introduction. Skeletal regeneration and reconstruction. Biocomposites. Cellular response and experimental testing. Conclusion. References. Testing the in vivo biocompatibilityof biocomposites R Giardino, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute and Bologna University Medical School, M Fini, N Nicoli Aldini and A Parrilli, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Italy Introduction. The preclinical in vivo experimentation: ethical and legal requirements. ISO 10993 and the biocompatibility tests. Extraction and sample preparation. Irritation and sensitization test. Systemic toxicity. Genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive and development toxicity. Hemocompatibility. Tests for local effects after implantation. Biocompatibility evaluation in pathological conditions. Biofunctionality. References. The mechanics of biocomposites L Nicolais, University of Naples "Federico II", A Gloria and L Ambrosio National Research Council, Italy Introduction. Basic concepts indesigning composite materials: lamina and laminate properties. Short-fibre composites. Particulate composites. Polymer nanocomposites. Conclusions. References. Tribology of biocomposites S Kanagaraj, Indian Institute of Technology, India and M S A Oliveira and J A de Oliveira Simõe, University of Aveiro, Portugal Introduction. Experimental consideration on tribological characterization of composites. Tribology of polymer composites. Conclusion. Acknowledgements. References. Fatigue behaviour of biocomposites A Pegoretti, University of Trento, Italy Introduction. Fundamentals of fatigue failure in polymer composites.Fatigue behaviour of biocomposites for hard tissue applications. Fatigue behaviour of biocomposites for soft tissue applications. References. PART 4 THE FUTURE FOR BIOCOMPOSITES Nanostructured biocomposites for tissue engineering scaffolds D Meng and A R Boccaccini, Imperial College London, UK Introduction. Processing of 2D topographies for assembly of 3D (biocomposite) structures. Direct fabrication of surface nanotopographies in 3D structures. Bio-nanocomposites: nanoparticles, nanotubes and nanofibres. Sol-gel, direct growth and biomimetic approaches. Bottom-up approaches. Conclusions and future trends. References. Developing biocomposites as scaffolds in regenerative medicine A Tampieri, S Sprio, E Landi and M Sandi, National Research Council, Italy Introduction. The new approach for developing bio-composites. Bio-hybrid composites for bone-like scaffold. Scaffolds with hierarchically organized structure: inspiration by nature. Development of the three-layered osteo-chondral scaffold. Future trends in research on biocomposites. Acknowledgements. References. Developing targeted biocomposites in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine J A Planell and M Navarro, Technical University of Catalonia, Spain Introduction. Cell/material interactions. Physical aspects of materials in tissue engineering. Chemical aspects of materials in tissue engineering. Some specific processes in regenerative medicine. Conclusions. References. Ethical issues affecting the use of biocomposites L Trommelmans and K Dierickx, Centre for Biomedical Ethicsand Law, Belgium Introduction. Developments in biomedical composites. Ethicalchallenges in the development of biomedical composites: risks, benefits and safety. Therapy or enhancement? Implications of the application of these products in therapy. Conclusion. References.
- ISBN: 978-1-84569-436-4
- Editorial: Woodhead
- Encuadernacion: Cartoné
- Páginas: 648
- Fecha Publicación: 01/11/2009
- Nº Volúmenes: 1
- Idioma: Inglés