Laser Spectroscopy for Sensing: Fundamentals, Techniques and Applications

Laser spectroscopy is a valuable tool for sensing and chemical analysis. Developments in lasers, detectors and mathematical analytical tools have led to improvements in the sensitivity and selectivity of spectroscopic techniques and extended their fields of application. Laser Spectroscopy for Sensing examines these advances and how laser spectroscopy can be used in a diverse range of industrial, medical, and environmental applications. Part one reviews basic concepts of atomic and molecular processes and presents the fundamentals of laser technology for controlling the spectral and temporal aspects of laser excitation. In addition, it explains the selectivity, sensitivity, and stability of the measurements, the construction of databases, and the automation of data analysis by machine learning. Part two explores laser spectroscopy techniques, including cavity-based absorption spectroscopy and the use of photo-acoustic spectroscopy to acquire absorption spectra of gases and condensed media. These chapters discuss imaging methods using laser-induced fluorescence and phosphorescence spectroscopies before focusing on light detection and ranging, photothermal spectroscopy and terahertz spectroscopy. Part three covers a variety of applications of these techniques, particularly the detection of chemical, biological, and explosive threats, as well as their use in medicine and forensic science. Finally, the book examines spectroscopic analysis of industrial materials and their applications in nuclear research and industry. The text provides readers with a broad overview of the techniques and applications of laser spectroscopy for sensing. It is of great interest to laser scientists and engineers, as well as professionals using lasers for medical applications, environmental applications, military applications, and material processing. Presents the fundamentals of laser technology for controlling the spectral and temporal aspects of laser excitationExplores laser spectroscopy techniques, including cavity-based absorption spectroscopy and the use of photo-acoustic spectroscopy to acquire absorption spectra of gases and condensed mediaConsiders spectroscopic analysis of industrial materials and their applications in nuclear research and industry INDICE: Contributor contact details Woodhead Publishing Series in Electronic and Optical Materials Introduction Dedication Part I: Fundamentals of laser spectroscopy for sensing 1. Fundamentals of optical spectroscopy Abstract: 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Radiative processes and spectral broadening mechanisms 1.3 Atomic spectroscopy 1.4 Molecular spectroscopy 1.5 Conclusion 1.6 Acknowledgments 1.7 References 2. Lasers used for spectroscopy: fundamentals of spectral and temporal control Abstract: 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Laser basics 2.3 Emission linewidth and emission cross-section 2.4 Cavity conditions 2.5 Spectral and temporal control 2.6 References 3. Fundamentals of spectral detection Abstract: 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Selectivity requirements for sensing applications 3.3 Approaches to improve sensitivity 3.4 System stability and signal averaging 3.5 Conclusion 3.6 References 4. Using databases for data analysis in laser spectroscopy Abstract: 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Definition of a database 4.3 Atomic spectroscopy databases on the Internet 4.4 Building your own database 4.5 Putting your database online 4.6 Conclusion 4.7 Disclaimer 4.8 References 5. Multivariate analysis, chemometrics, and machine learning in laser spectroscopy Abstract: 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Preliminary notes: terminology and use of data 5.3 Feature extraction and data pre-processing 5.4 Data analysis and algorithm development: extracting information from data 5.5 Performance evaluation 5.6 Conclusion 5.7 Future trends 5.8 Sources of further information and advice 5.9 Acknowledgments 5.10 References Part II: Laser spectroscopy techniques 6. Cavity-based absorption spectroscopy techniques Abstract: 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Enhancement of sensitivity in absorption spectroscopy 6.3 Gas-phase cavity-ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS) and related methods 6.4 Other forms of gas-phase CRDS and related cavity-based techniques 6.5 Scope of cavity-based spectroscopy: progress and prospects 6.6 Conclusion 6.7 References 7. Photo-acoustic spectroscopy Abstract: 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Fundamental sensitivity limitations 7 3 General considerations for photo-acoustic spectroscopy (PAS) based sensing 7.4 Practical design of photo-acoustic detectors: gas phase 7.5 Impact of energy transfer processes 7.6 Conclusion 7. 7 References 7.8 Appendix: abbreviations 8. Laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIF) Abstract: 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Lasers and coherence 8.3 Spectral resolution 8.4 Temporal resolution 8.5 Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) imaging and spatial resolution 8.6 LIF sensitivity 8.7 Conclusion and future trends 8.8 Sources of further information and advice 8.9 references 9. Laser-induced phosphorescence spectroscopy: development and application of thermographic phosphors (TP) for thermometry in combustion environments Abstract: 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Thermometry methods using thermographic phosphors (TP) 9.3 Applications of TP 9.4 Conclusion and future trends 9.5 Acknowledgements 9.6 References 10. Lidar (light detection and ranging) Abstract: 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Atmospheric spectroscopy and attenuation properties 10.3 Lidar equation and remote sensing sensitivity 10.4 Different lidar types 10.5 Lidar remote sensing examples 10.6 Conclusion and future trends 10.7 References 11. Photothermal spectroscopy Abstract: 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Principles of photothermal spectroscopy 11.3 Methods of photothermal spectroscopy 11.4 Flow photothermal detectors 11.5 Photothermal spectroscopy in applied chemistry 11.6 Photothermal spectroscopy of solids and interfaces 11.7 Biophotothermal spectroscopy 11.8 Conclusion and future trends 11.9 References 12. Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy Abstract: 12.1 Introduction: the historical 'terahertz gap' 12.2 Terahertz (THz) systems based on ultrafast lasers 12.3 Terahertz sources and detectors 12.4 Applications of terahertz spectroscopy 12.5 Other terahertz applications 12.6 Conclusion and sources of further information 12.7 Acknowledgments 12.8 References Part III: Applications of laser spectroscopy and sensing 13. Laser spectroscopy for the detection of chemical, biological and explosive threats Abstract: 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) 13.3 Fluorescence 13.4 Raman 13.5 Conclusion 13.6 References 14. Laser spectroscopy for medical applications Abstract: 14.1 Introduction to spectroscopy 14.2 Energy levels in atoms, molecules and solid-state materials 14.3 Radiation processes 14.4 Absorption and emission spectra 14.5 Interplay between absorption and scattering in turbid media 14.6 Absorption and scattering spectroscopy of tissue 14.7 Fluorescence spectroscopy 14.8 Raman spectroscopy 14.9 Gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy (GASMAS) 14.10 Conclusion and future trends 14.11 Acknowledgments 14. 12 References 15. Applications of laser spectroscopy in forensic science Abstract: 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Research applications of laser techniques: laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) 15.3 Research applications of laser techniques: laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) 15.4 Research applications of laser techniques: Raman 15.5 Conclusion 15.6 References 16. Application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy to the analysis of secondary materials in industrial production Abstract: 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) analysis of industrial materials 16.3 LIBS of secondary materials in industrial production 16.4 Conclusion and future trends 16.5 Acknowledgments 16.6 References 17. Applications of laser spectroscopy in nuclear research and industry Abstract: 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Interest of laser spectroscopy for sensing in nuclear research and industry 17.3 Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for in situ analysis and material identification 17.4 Cavity ringdown spectroscopy for ultratrace analysis in gaseous samples 17.5 Time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) for analysis and speciation of actinides 17.6 Conclusion and future trends 17.7 References Index

• ISBN: 978-0-08-101385-4
• Editorial: Woodhead Publishing
• Encuadernacion: Rústica
• Páginas: 592
• Fecha Publicación: 30/06/2016
• Nº Volúmenes: 1
• Idioma: Inglés