An addendum to the popular Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock, 2nd ed, this book describes sigma-delta, a frequency synthesis technique that has gained prominence in recent years. In addition, Simulink will be employed extensively to guide the reader. Fractional-n, the still-used forerunner to sigma-delta, is also discussed. Sequences of simulated results allow the reader to gain a deeper understanding while detailed appendices provide information from various stages of development. Simulation models discussed in the chapters that are available online. INDICE: Preface. Symbols List and Glossary. 1 Introduction. 1.1 Phase-Locked Synthesizer. 1.2 Fractional-N Frequency Synthesis. 1.3 Representing a Change in Divide Number. 1.4 Units. 1.5 Representing Phase Noise. 1.6 Phase Noise at the Synthesizer Output. 1.7 Observing the Output Spectrum. 2 Fractional-N and Basic S? Synthesizers. 2.1 First-Order Fractional-N. 2.2 Second-Order Fractional-N. 2.3 Higher-Order Fractional-N. 2.4 Spectrums with Constant Sampling Rate. 2.5 Summary of Spectrums. 2.6 Summary. 3 Other Spurious Reduction Techniques. 3.1 LSB Dither. 3.2 Maximum Sequence Length. 3.3 Shortened Accumulators and Lower Primes. 3.4 Long Sequence. 3.5 Summary. 4 Defects in S? Synthesis. 4.1Noise Models. 4.2 Levels of Other Noise in S? Synthesizers. 4.3 Noise Sources, Equivalent Input Noise. 4.4 Discrete Sidebands. 4.5 Summary. 5 Other S? Architectures. 5.1 Stability. 5.2 Feedback. 5.3 Feed-forward. 5.4 Quantizer Offset. 5.5 MASH-n1n2n3. 5.6 Cancellation of Quantization Noise in the General Modulator. 5.7 Fractional Swallows. 5.8 Hardware Reduction. 6 Simulation. 6.1 SandH.mdl. 6.2 SandHreverse.mdl. 6.3 CPandI.mdl. 6.4 Dither.mdl. 6.5 HandK.mdl. 6.6SimplePD.mdl. 6.7 CPandIplus.mdl. 6.8 CPandITrunc.mdl. 6.9 Adapting a Model. 6.10 EFeedback.mdl. 6.11 FeedForward.mdl. 6.12 MASH modulator scripts. 6.13 SYnStep__.mdl. 6.14 Other Methods. 7 Diophantine Synthesizer. 7.1 Two-Loop Synthesizer. 7.2 Multi-Loop Synthesizers. 7.3 MATLAB Scripts. 7.4 Signal Mixing. 7.5 Reference-Frequency Coupling. 7.6 Center Frequencies. 8 Operation at ExtremeBandwidths. 8.1 Determining the Effects of Sampling. 8.2 A Particular Case. 8.3 When Are Sampling Effects Important? 8.4 Computer Program. 8.5 Sampling Effects in S? Synthesizers. 9 All-Digital Frequency Synthesizers. 9.1 The Flying Adder Synthesizer. 9.2 The ADPLL Synthesizer. Appendix A All Digital. A.1 Flying Adder Circuits. A.2 ADPLL Synthesizer. Appendix C Fractional Cancellation. C.1 Modulator Details. C.2 First Accumulator. C.3 Second Accumulator. C.4 Additional Accumulators. C.5 Accumulator Without Input Register. Appendix E ExcessPPSD. E.1 Development of Eq. E.2 Approximating kp. E.3 Approximation in Eq. Appendix F References to FS2. Appendix G Using Gsmp1. G.1 Open-Loop Transfer Function. G.2 Close-Loop Responses. G.3 Saving Results. G.4 Version Number. G.5 Example Session. G.6 Generating Analysis Plots. G.7 Verification of Gardners Stability Limits. G.8 The Nyquist Plot. Appendix H Sample and Hold Circuit. H.1Transient Performance. H.2 Filter Capacitor Before Sampler. Appendix L Loop Response. L.1 Primary Loop. L.2 Damped Loop. Appendix M MASH PSD. M.1 MASH Modulator, First Stage. M.2 MASH Modulator, Second-Order. M.3 MASH Modulator, Higher Order. M.4 Variances. M.5 Some Parameters of Sf. M.6 Previous Development. M.7 Some MASH Modulator Characteristics. M.8 Characteristics of MATLAB Scriptsmashone and mashall_. Appendix N Sampled Noise. N.1 Case 1, Wn fref. N.2 Case2, 1/T >> Wn >> fref. N.3 Case 3, Wn >> 1/T
- ISBN: 978-0-470-91566-0
- Editorial: John Wiley & Sons
- Encuadernacion: Cartoné
- Páginas: 312
- Fecha Publicación: 24/06/2011
- Nº Volúmenes: 1
- Idioma: Inglés