Power Ultrasonics: Applications of High-Intensity Ultrasound

The industrial interest in ultrasonic processing has revived during recent years because ultrasonic technology may represent a flexible green? alternative for more energy efficient processes. A challenge in the application of high-intensity ultrasound to industrial processing is the design and development of specific power ultrasonic systems for large scale operation. In the area of ultrasonic processing in fluid and multiphase media the development of a new family of power generators with extensive radiating surfaces has significantly contributed to the implementation at industrial scale of several applications in sectors such as the food industry, environment, and manufacturing. Part one covers fundamentals of nonlinear propagation of ultrasonic waves in fluids and solids. It also discusses the materials and designs of power ultrasonic transducers and devices. Part two looks at applications of high power ultrasound in materials engineering and mechanical engineering, food processing technology, environmental monitoring and remediation and industrial and chemical processing (including pharmaceuticals), medicine and biotechnology. Covers the fundamentals of nonlinear propagation of ultrasonic waves in fluids and solids.Discusses the materials and designs of power ultrasonic transducers and devices. Considers state-of-the-art power sonic applications across a wide range of industries. INDICE: List of contributorsWoodhead Publishing Series in Electronic and Optical Materials1. Introduction to power ultrasonicsAbstract1.1 Introduction1.2 The field of ultrasonics1.3 Power ultrasonics1.4 Historical notes1.5 Coverage of this bookPart One: Fundamentals2. High-intensity ultrasonic waves in fluids: nonlinear propagation and effectsAbstractAcknowledgments2.1 Introduction2.2 Nonlinear phenomena2.3 Nonlinear interactions within the acoustic mode2.4 Nonlinear interactions between the acoustic and nonacoustic modes2.5 Conclusion3. Acoustic cavitation: bubble dynamics in high-power ultrasonic fieldsAbstractAcknowledgments3.1 Introduction3.2 Cavitation thresholds3.3 Single-bubble dynamics3.4 Bubble ensemble dynamics3.5 Acoustic cavitation noise3.6 Sonoluminescence3.7 Conclusions4. High-intensity ultrasonic waves in solids: nonlinear dynamics and effectsAbstract4.1 Introduction4.2 Fundamental nonlinear equations4.3 Nonlinear effects in progressive and stationary waves4.4 Conclusions5. Piezoelectric ceramic materials for power ultrasonic transducersAbstract5.1 Introduction5.2 Fundamentals of ferro-piezoelectric ceramics5.3 Characterization methods of ceramics from piezoelectric resonances5.4 Applications of the iterative automatic method in the characterization of ceramics5.5 Lead-free piezoceramics for environmental protection5.6 Future trends6. Power ultrasonic transducers: principles and designAbstract6.1 Introduction6.2 Ultrasonic vibrations: mechanical oscillator6.3 Ultrasonic vibrations: longitudinal vibrations6.4 Piezoelectric materials6.5 The power ultrasonic transducer6.6 Transducer characterization and control6.7 Modeling transducer behavior6.8 Transducer development6.9 Future trends6.10 Sources of further information and advice7. Power ultrasonic transducers with vibrating plate radiatorsAbstractAcknowledgments7.1 Introduction7.2 Structure of transducers: basic design7.3 Finite element modeling7.4 Controlling nonlinear vibration behavior7.5 Fatigue limitations of transducers7.6 Characteristics of the different types of plate transducers7.7 Evaluating transducers in power operation: electrical, vibrational, acoustic, and thermal characteristics7.8 Conclusions and future trends8. Measurement techniques in power ultrasonicsAbstract8.1 Introduction8.2 Characterizing the source8.3 Characterizing the generated ultrasound field8.4 Characterizing the resultant acoustic cavitation8.5 Case studies: characterizing two cavitating systems8.6 Conclusions9. Modeling of power ultrasonic transducersAbstract9.1 Introduction9.2 Transduction and elastic wave propagation in solids9.3 Acoustic waves in fluids and fluid-structure coupling9.4 The unbounded problem: far-field radiation of acoustic waves10. Modeling energy losses in power ultrasound transducersAbstract10.1 Introduction10.2 Modeling linear and nonlinear behavior10.3 Experimental validation and simulation testing10.4 Assessing model performance10.5 ConclusionsPart Two: Welding, metal forming, and machining applications11. Ultrasonic welding of metalsAbstract11.1 Introduction11.2 Principles of ultrasonic metal welding11.3 Ultrasonic welding equipment11.4 Mechanics and metallurgy of the ultrasonic weld11.5 Applications of ultrasonic welding11.6 Process advantages and disadvantages11.7 Future trends11.8 Sources of further information and advice12. Ultrasonic welding of plastics and polymeric compositesAbstract12.1 Introduction12.2 Theory of the ultrasonic welding process12.3 Description of plunge and continuous welding processes12.4 Ultrasonic welding equipment12.5 Joint and part design12.6 Material weldability13. Power ultrasonics for additive manufacturing and consolidating of materialsAbstract13.1 Introduction13.2 Ultrasonic additive manufacturing13.3 Applications of ultrasonic additive manufacturing13.4 Future trends13.5 Conclusion14. Ultrasonic metal forming: materialsAbstract14.1 Introduction14.2 Microstructure effects14.3 Macroscopic behavior14.4 Surface friction14.5 Future trends14.6 Sources of further information and advice15. Ultrasonic metal forming: processingAbstract15.1 Introduction15.2 Wire and tube drawing15.3 Deep drawing and bending15.4 Forging and extrusion15.5 Ultrasonic rolling15.6 Other forming processes15.7 Future trends15.8 Sources of further information and advice16. Using power ultrasonics in machine toolsAbstract16.1 Introduction16.2 Historical and technical review16.3 Ultrasonic machine tool processes: ultrasonic turning16.4 Ultrasonic drilling and milling16.5 Ultrasonic grinding16.6 Allied ultrasonic machining processes16.7 Ultrasonic machine tools for production16.8 Future trends16.9 Sources of further information and advicePart Three: Engineering and medical applications17. Ultrasonic motorsAbstract17.1 Introduction17.2 Traveling-wave ultrasonic motors17.3 Hybrid transducer ultrasonic motors17.4 Performance of ultrasonic motors and driver circuits17.5 Conclusion and future trends18. Power ultrasound for the production of nanomaterialsAbstract18.1 Introduction18.2 Ultrasound synthesis of metallic nanoparticles18.3 Ultrasound synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles18.4 Ultrasound synthesis of chalcogenide nanoparticles18.5 Ultrasound synthesis of metal halide nanoparticles18.6 Using ultrasonic waves in the synthesis of graphene, graphene oxide, and other nanomaterials18.7 The use of ultrasound for the deposition of nanoparticles on substrates18.8 Ultrasound synthesis of micro- and nanospheres18.9 Conclusions and future trends19. Ultrasonic cleaning and washing of surfacesAbstract19.1 Introduction19.2 The use of ultrasound in cleaning19.3 Ultrasonic cleaning technology19.4 Mechanism of ultrasonic cleaning19.5 Ultrasonic cleaning process variables19.6 The role of chemical additives and temperature19.7 Achieving optimum ultrasonic cleaning performance19.8 Evaluating ultrasonic cleaning performance19.9 Advances in technology19.10 Damage mechanisms19.11 Megasonics19.12 Future trends19.13 Sources of further information and adviceAppendix ultrasonic washing of textiles (contributed by Juan A. Gallego-Juárez)20. Ultrasonic degassing of liquidsAbstractAcknowledgment20.1 Introduction20.2 Fundamentals of ultrasonic degassing20.3 Mechanism of ultrasonic degassing in melts20.4 Main process parameters in ultrasonic degassing20.5 Industrial implementation of ultrasonic degassing21. Ultrasonic surgical devices and proceduresAbstractAcknowledgment21.1 Introduction21.2 Surgical device requirements and goals21.3 General device design21.4 Mechanisms of action21.5 Device types21.6 Medical device regulations21.7 Future trends21.8 Sources of further information and advice22. High-intensity focused ultrasound for medical therapyAbstract22.1 Introduction22.2 Ultrasound interaction with tissue22.3 Therapy devices22.4 Imaging guidance22.5 Clinical experience22.6 Future trends23. Ultrasonic cutting for surgical applicationsAbstract23.1 Introduction: the origins of ultrasonic cutting for surgical devices23.2 Developments in ultrasound for soft-tissue dissection23.3 Developments in ultrasound for bone cutting and other surgical applications23.4 Cutting mechanisms in soft tissue23.5 Ultrasonic dissection of mineralized tissue23.6 Factors affecting device performance23.7 Device characterization23.8 Orthopedic, orthodontic, and maxillofacial procedures23.9 Current and future trendsPart Four: Food technology and pharmaceutical applications24. Design and scale-up of sonochemical reactors for food processing and other applicationsAbstract24.1 Introduction24.2 Modeling of cavitational reactors24.3 Understanding cavitational activity24.4 Types of reactors24.5 Developments in reactor design24.6 Selecting operating parameters24.7 Reactor choice, scale-up, and optimization24.8 Future trends24.9 Conclusions25. Ultrasonic mixing, homogenization, and emulsification in food processing and other applicationsAbstract25.1 Introduction25.2 Cavitation and acoustic streaming25.3 Mixing25.4 Particle and aggregate dispersion and disruption25.5 Solid and liquid dissolution25.6 Homogenization25.7 Emulsification25.8 Conclusions and future trends26. Ultrasonic defoaming and debubbling in food processing and other applicationsAbstractAcknowledgments26.1 Introduction26.2 Foams26.3 Conventional methods for foam control26.4 Ultrasonic defoaming26.5 Mechanisms of ultrasonic defoaming26.6 Ultrasonic defoamers26.7 Using ultrasound to remove bubbles in coating layers26.8 Conclusions and future trends27. Power ultrasonics for food processingAbstract27.1 Introduction27.2 Ultrasonically assisted extraction (UAE)27.3 Emulsification27.4 Viscosity modification27.5 Processing dairy proteins27.6 Sonocrystallization27.7 Fat separation27.8 Other applications: sterilization, pasteurization, drying, brining, and marinating27.9 Hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) for ultrasound in food-processing operations27.10 Conclusions and future trends28. Crystallization and freezing processes assisted by power ultrasoundAbstract28.1 Introduction28.2 Fundamentals of crystallization28.3 Impact of ultrasound on solute crystallization28.4 Effect of ultrasound on ice crystallization (freezing)28.5 Solute nucleation mechanisms induced by ultrasound28.6 Crystal growth and breakage mechanisms induced by ultrasound28.7 Ice nucleation mechanisms induced by ultrasound28.8 Future trends29. Ultrasonic drying for food preservationAbstractAcknowledgment29.1 Introduction29.2 Ultrasonic mechanisms involved in transport phenomena29.3 Ultrasonic devices for drying29.4 Testing the effectiveness of ultrasonic drying29.5 Product properties affecting the effectiveness of ultrasonic drying29.6 Structural changes caused by ultrasonic drying29.7 Conclusions and future trends30. The use of ultrasonic atomization for encapsulation and other processes in food and pharmaceutical manufacturingAbstract30.1 Introduction30.2 Fundamentals of ultrasonic atomization30.3 Ultrasonic atomizer design30.4 Measuring droplet size and distribution30.5 The effect of different operating parameters on droplet size30.6 Applications of ultrasonic atomization in the food industry: encapsulation30.7 Applications of ultrasonic atomization in the food industry: food hygiene30.8 Applications of ultrasonic atomization in the pharmaceutical industry: aerosols for drug delivery30.9 Applications of ultrasonic atomization in the pharmaceutical industry: encapsulation for drug delivery30.10 Future trends30.11 ConclusionPart Five: Environmental and other applications31. The use of power ultrasound for water treatmentAbstract31.1 Introduction31.2 Ultrasonic cavitation and advanced oxidative processes (AOPs)31.3 Sonochemical devices and experimentation31.4 Characteristics of sonochemical elimination31.5 Kinetic and sonochemical yields31.6 Sonochemical treatment parameters31.7 Ultrasound in hybrid processes31.8 Conclusion32. The use of power ultrasound for wastewater and biomass treatmentAbstract32.1 Introduction32.2 Impact of ultrasound on biological suspensions32.3 Anaerobic digestion processes: full-scale application32.4 Aerobic biological processes: full-scale application32.5 Development and design of a full-scale ultrasound reactor32.6 Future trends33. The use of power ultrasound for organic synthesis in green chemistryAbstract33.1 Introduction33.2 The green sonochemical approach for organic synthesis33.3 Solvent-free sonochemical protocols33.4 Heterogeneous catalysis in organic solvents and ionic liquids33.5 Heterocycle synthesis33.6 Heterocycle functionalization33.7 Cycloaddition reactions33.8 Organometallic reactions33.9 Multicomponent reactions33.10 Conclusions and future trends34. Ultrasonic agglomeration and preconditioning of aerosol particles for environmental and other applicationsAbstractAcknowledgment34.1 Introduction34.2 The development of practical applications of aerosol agglomeration34.3 Linear acoustic effects that determine the agglomeration process34.4 Nonlinear acoustic effects34.5 Motion of aerosol particles in an acoustic field: vibration34.6 Translational motion of aerosol particles34.7 Interactions between aerosol particles: orthokinetic effect (OE)34.8 Hydrodynamic mechanisms of particle interaction34.9 Mutual radiation pressure effect (MRPE)34.10 Acoustic wake effect (AWE)34.11 Modeling of acoustic agglomeration of aerosol particles34.12 Laboratory and pilot scale plants for industrial and environmental applications34.13 Conclusions and future trends35. The use of power ultrasound in miningAbstract35.1 Introduction35.2 The mining process35.3 Measuring the stress state in a rock mass35.4 Application of power ultrasound in mineral grinding35.5 Development of an ultrasonic-assisted flotation process for increasing the concentration of mined minerals35.6 Conclusions and future trends36. The use of power ultrasound in biofuel production, bioremediation, and other applicationsAbstract36.1 Introduction36.2 The chemical effects of ultrasound36.3 The molecular effects of ultrasound36.4 Sonochemical reactors36.5 Biofuel production36.6 Ultrasound-assisted bioremediation36.7 Biosensors36.8 Biosludge processing36.9 Conclusions and future trendsIndex

• ISBN: 978-0-08-101349-6
• Editorial: Woodhead Publishing
• Encuadernacion: Rústica
• Páginas: 960
• Fecha Publicación: 30/06/2016
• Nº Volúmenes: 1
• Idioma: Inglés