Parasitology: An Integrated Approach, provides a concise, student-friendly account of parasites and parasite relationships that is supported by case studies and suggestions for student projects. The book focuses strongly on parasite interactions with other pathogens and in particular parasite-HIV interactions,as well as looking at how host behaviour contributes to the spread of infections. There is a consideration of the positive aspects of parasite infections, how humans have used parasites for their own advantage and also how parasite infections affect the welfare of captive and domestic animals. The emphasis of Parasitology is on recent research throughout and each chapter ends with a brief discussion of future developments. This text is not simply an updated version of typical parastitology books but takes an integrated approach and explains how the study of parasites requires an understanding of a wide range of other topics from molecular biology and immunology to the interactions of parasites with both their hosts and other pathogens. INDICE: Preface xiii1 Animal associations 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Animal associations 11.2.1 Symbiosis 21.2.2 Commensalism 51.2.3 Phoresis 51.2.4 Mutualism 61.2.5 Parasitism 71.2.6 Intra-specific parasites 81.2.7 Parasitoids 91.2.8The concept of harm 101.3 Parasite hosts 111.3.1 Protozoa and helminths as hosts 111.3.2 Classes of hosts for parasites 121.4 The co-evolution of parasitesand their hosts 131.4.1 Evolutionary relationships between host and parasite 141.4.2 Parasites and the evolution of sexual reproduction 151.5 Parasitism asa €˜lifestyle€™: advantages and limitations 161.5.1 Main advantages of a parasitic lifestyle 171.5.2 Main limitations of a parasitic life style 171.6 The economic cost of parasitic diseases 181.6.1 Economic consequences of parasitic diseases of humans 181.6.2 Economic consequences of parasitic diseases of domestic animals 191.6.3 Estimating the costs of morbidity due to disease 191.6.4 Economic consequences of parasitic diseases of wildlife 201.7 Why parasitic diseases remain a problem 211.8 Taxonomy 241.8.1 The binomen system 25Questions 272 Parasitic protozoa, fungi and plants 282.1 Introduction 282.2 Parasitic protozoa 282.2.1 Kingdom Protista 282.3 Phylum Rhizopoda 292.3.1 Genus Entamoeba292.3.2 Other species of pathogenic amoebae 332.4 Phylum Metamonada 342.4.1 Order Diplomonadida 342.4.2 Order Trichomonadida 372.5 Phylum Apicomplexa 402.5.1 Genus Plasmodium 422.5.2 Plasmodium life cycle 432.5.3 Genus Theileria 452.5.4 Genus Babesia 462.6 Subclass Coccidiasina 502.6.1 Suborder Eimeriorina 502.6.2 Isospora group 512.6.3 Genus Cyclospora 522.6.4 Family Sarcocystidae 532.6.5 Genus Toxoplasma 542.6.6 Genus Neospora 582.6.7 Family Cryptosporidiidae 602.7 Phylum Kinetoplastida 622.7.1 Genus Leishmania 632.7.2 Leishmania life cycle 662.7.3 Genus Trypanosoma 702.8 Phylum Chlorophyta 812.8.1 Genus Prototheca 822.9 Kingdom fungi 832.9.1 Microsporidia 832.10 Kingdom plantae 85Questions853 Helminth parasites 863.1 Introduction: invertebrate taxonomy 863.2 PhylumPlatyhelminthes 873.3 Class Trematoda 873.3.1 Family Fasciolidae 893.3.2 Family Cathaemasiidae: Genus Ribeiroia 933.3.3 Family Dicrocoeliidae 953.3.4 Family Opisthorchiformes 963.3.5 Family Paragonomidae 983.3.6 Family Schistosomatidae 993.4 Class Cestoda 1033.4.1 Order Pseudophyllidea/Diphyllobothriidea 1033.4.2 Order Cyclophyllidea 1043.4.3 Family Taeniidae 1053.4.4 Family Anoplocephalidae 1103.5 Phylum Acanthocephala 1123.6 Phylum Nematoda (Nemata) 1143.6.1 Class Enoplea 1173.6.2 Class Rhabdita 1213.6.3 Family Onchocercidae 1293.6.4 Family Dracunculidae 132Questions 1354 Arthropod parasites 1374.1 Introduction 1374.2 Phylum Chelicerata 1384.2.1 Family Demodicidae 1394.2.2 Family Sarcoptidae 1404.2.3 Family Psoroptidae 1434.2.4 Suborder Ixodida 1444.2.5 Family Argasidae 1454.2.6 Family Ixodidae 1464.2.7 Tick paralysis 1474.3 Phylum Crustacea 1484.3.1 Subclass Copepoda 1484.3.2 Infra-Class Cirripedia 1504.3.3 Subclass Branchiura 1504.3.4 Subclass Pentastomida - tongue worms 1514.4 Sub-phylum Hexapoda 1534.4.1 Order Phthiraptera (lice) 1554.4.2 Order Siphonaptera (fleas) 1594.4.3 Order Diptera (true flies) 1624.4.4 Suborder Nematocera 1624.4.5 Suborder Brachycera 1634.4.6 Family Calliphoridae 1664.4.7 Genus Chrysomya 1684.4.8 Genus Cochliomyia 1684.4.9 Genus Auchmeromyia 1694.4.10 Genus Cordylobia 1704.4.11 Family Sarcophagidae 1704.4.12 Family Oestridae 1714.4.13 Subfamily Gasterophilinae 1734.4.14 Subfamily Hypodermatinae 1744.4.15 Subfamily Cuterebrinae 1764.4.16 Family Streblidae 1774.4.17 Family Nycteribiidae 178Questions 1785 Parasite transmission 1805.1 Introduction 1805.2 Contaminative transmission 1815.3 Transmission associated with reproduction 1845.3.1 Sexual transmission 1845.3.2 Transmission within the gametes 1875.3.3 Congenital transmission 1885.4 Autoinfection 1895.5 Nosocomial transmission 1905.6 Active parasite transmission 1915.7 Hosts and vectors 1925.7.1 Paratenic hosts 1925.7.2 Intermediate hosts 1935.7.3 Vectors 1945.8 Host factors 1965.8.1 Host identification 1965.8.2 The influence of host behaviour on parasite transmission 1975.9 Co-transmission and interactions between infectious agents 1995.10 How religion can influence parasite transmission 2025.11 The influence of war on parasite transmission 2045.12 The influence of parasites on host behaviour 2055.13 Environmental factors 2075.13.1 Natural environmental variables 2075.13.2 Pollution 2075.13.3 Global warming 209Questions 2116 Immune reactions to parasitic infections 2126.1 Introduction 2126.2 Invertebrate immunity 2136.3 Vertebrate immunity 2156.3.1 Innate immunity 2156.3.2 Adaptive immunity 2186.3.3 Cell-mediated immunity 2206.4 Innate immunity to parasitic infection 2216.4.1 Physical factors 2216.4.2 Chemical and microbial factors 2226.4.3 The acute inflammatory response 2236.4.4 Cell-mediated immunity 2256.5 Adaptive immunity 2266.5.1 Avoiding the host immune response 2276.5.2 Depression of the immune system 2326.6 Immunity to malaria 2336.7 Schistosoma mansoni and Hepatitis C virus interactions 2376.8 HIV-AIDS and parasitic disease 2386.8.1 Parasites and the transmission of HIV 2396.8.2 Parasite-HIV co-infections 2406.8.3 Leishmania-HIV co-infections 2406.8.4 Malaria-HIV co-infections 2426.8.5 Toxoplasma-HIV co-infections 2436.8.6 Microsporidia-HIV co-infections 243Questions 2437 Pathology 2457.1 Introduction2457.2 Factors that influence pathogenesis 2457.2.1 Host factors that influence pathogenesis 2457.2.2 Parasite factors that influence pathogenesis 2467.3 Mechanisms by which parasites induce pathology 2477.3.1 Direct damage 2487.3.2 Indirect damage 2497.4 Types of pathology 2507.4.1 Abortion and obstetric pathology 2507.4.2 Anaemia 2517.4.3 Anorexia 2537.4.4 Apoptosis 2537.4.5 Calcification 2547.4.6 Cancer 2557.4.7 Castration 2577.4.8 Delusional parasitosis 2587.4.9 Diarrhoea 2587.4.10 Elephantiasis 2607.4.11 Fever 2617.4.12 Granulation and fibrosis 2627.4.13 Hyperplasia 2647.4.14 Hypertrophy 2657.4.15 Inflammation and ulceration 2657.4.16 Jaundice 2677.4.17 Metaplasia 2677.4.18 Pressure atrophy 2677.4.19 Psychological disturbance 2687.5 Damage to specific organs 2697.5.1 The bladder 2697.5.2 The brain 2707.5.3 The digestive system 2737.5.4 The genitalia 2767.5.5 The kidney 2777.5.6 The liver 2797.5.7 The lungs 2817.5.8 The skin 2847.5.9 The spleen 2887.6 Co-infections and pathogenesis 289Questions2908 The useful parasite 2928.1 Introduction: the goodness of parasites? 2928.2 The importance of parasites for the maintenance of a healthy immune system 2938.2.1 The hygiene hypothesis 2938.2.2 Type 1 diabetes mellitus 2948.2.3 Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) 2968.2.4 Inflammatory bowel disease 2978.3 The useof parasites to treat medical conditions 2978.3.1 Helminth therapy 2988.3.2 Larval therapy 3028.3.3 Leech therapy 3048.3.4 Malaria therapy (malariotherapy)3058.4 Parasites as sources of novel pharmaceutically-active compounds 3088.5Parasites as biological control agents 3098.5.1 Life cycle of the entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis and Steinernema 3108.6 Parasites as forensic indicators 312Questions 3149 Identification of protozoan and helminth parasites3169.1 Introduction 3169.2 The importance of correct identification 3169.3 Properties of an ideal diagnostic test 3189.4 Isolation of parasites 3209.5 Identification from gross morphology 3239.5.1 Morphological identification of Entamoeba 3259.5.2 Morphological identification of Plasmodium and Babesia 3269.5.3Morphological identification of Taenia tapeworms 3279.5.4 Morphological identification of filarial nematode infections 3279.6 Biochemical techniques 3299.7Immunological techniques 3299.8 Molecular techniques 3319.9 Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) 3349.9.1 Rapid diagnostic tests for malaria 3359.9.2 Rapid diagnostic test for filariasis 3379.10 MALDI-TOF MS 337Questions 33810 Parasite treatment and control 33910.1 Introduction 33910.2 Importance of understanding parasite life cycles for effective treatment and control 33910.3 Treatment of parasitic diseases 34110.3.1 The ideal antiparasitic drug 34110.3.2 Pharmaceutical drugs 34510.3.3 DNA/RNA technology 34710.3.4 Molecular chaperones (heat shock proteins) 34910.3.5 Nanotechnology 35010.3.6 Quantum dots 35210.3.7 Natural remedies 35310.3.8 Homeopathy 35510.4 Vaccines against parasitic diseases 35610.4.1 Attenuated vaccines 35810.4.2 Killed vaccines 35910.4.3 Recombinant vaccines 35910.4.4 Toxoid vaccines 36010.4.5 DNA vaccines 36110.4.6 Vaccine administration 36210.5 Control of parasitic diseases 36210.5.1 Eradication, elimination and control of parasitic diseases 36210.5.2 Education 36410.5.3 Environmental modification and cultural control 36510.5.4 Remote Sensing (RS) and GIS technology 36810.5.5 Treating the individual or the population 36910.5.6 Piggy-backing control programmes 37010.5.7 Disruptions to control programmes 37110.5.8 Role of governments, foundations, and aid organisations 371Questions 373References 375Index 431
- ISBN: 978-0-470-68423-8
- Editorial: John Wiley & Sons
- Encuadernacion: Rústica
- Páginas: 456
- Fecha Publicación: 11/05/2012
- Nº Volúmenes: 1
- Idioma: Inglés