This book gives a broad overview to the topic before looking at solar radiation and its energy potential. The design and operation of solar cells are treated in detail, but only so far as it is necessary to understand operation and possible operational problems of photovoltaic (PV) plants and to appreciate possible further technical developments and improvements in the future. The layout and construction of entire photovoltaic plants (both stand-alone and grid-connected systems) are covered in one chapter. The methods and procedures for the design of stand-alone systems and calculation of the yield of grid-connectedPV plants with pocket calculators or readily available standard software programs are also shown. For many locations in Germany, Switzerland, Austria and the rest of Europe, North America and Asia, the data that are needed for such calculations can be found in the book. For some grid-connected PV plants detailed, long-term monitoring data that were measured over many years (up to 14 years) are provided. Unique to this book, lightening and overvoltage protection of PV plants is reported, as is a normalized representation of energy yield andpower of PV plants. The book concludes with a summary and a look toward the future of this technology. INDICE: 1 Introduction. 1.1 Photovoltaics whats it all about? 1.2 Overviewof this book. 1.3 A brief glossary of key photovoltaics terms. 1.4 Recommended guide values for estimating photovoltaic system potential. 1.5 Use case exercises. 1.6 Bibliography for this chapter. 2 Key properties of solar radiation.2.1 Sun and Earth. 2.2 Extraterrestrial radiation. 2.3 Radiation on the horizontal plane of the Earths surface. 2.4 Simple method for calculating solar radiation on inclined surfaces. 2.5 Radiation calculation for an inclined surfaceusing the three-component model. 2.6 Approximate annual energy yield for grid-coupled PV systems. 2.7 What is solar radiation? 2.8 Solar radiation measurement. 2.9 Bibliography for this chapter. 3 Solar cells: their design engineering and operating principles. 3.1 The internal photoelectric effect in semiconductors. 3.2 A brief account of semiconductor theory. 3.3 The solar cell: a specialized semiconductor diode with a large barrier layer that is exposed to light. 3.4 Solar cell efficiency. 3.5 The most important types of solar cells and the attendant manufacturing methods. 3.6 Bifacial solar cells. 3.7 Use case exercises. 3.8 Bibliography for this chapter. 4 Solar modules and solar generators. 4.1 Solar modules. 4.2 Potential solar cell wiring problems. 4.3 Interconnection of solar modules and solar generators. 4.4 Solar generator power loss resulting from partial shading and mismatch loss. 4.5 Solar generator structure. 4.6 Use case exercises. 4.7 Bibliography for this chapter. 5 Photovoltaic energy systems. 5.1 Stand-alone PV systems. 5.2 Grid-coupled PV systems. 5.3 Bibliography for this chapter. 6 Protecting PV installations against lightning. 6.1 Probability of direct lightning strikes. 6.2 Parameters for and the main effects lightning strikes. 6.3 Basic principles of lightning protection. 6.4 Breaking lightning current down into smaller current flows. 6.5 Potential increases; equipotential bonding. 6.6 Lightning current-induced voltages and current.6.7 PV installation lightning protection experiments. 6.8 Optimal sizing of PV installation lightning protection devices. 6.9 Recommendations for PV installation lightning protection. 6.1 Summary and further comments. 6.11 Bibliography for this chapter. 7 Standardized presentation modalities for PV installation energy yield and power output. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Standardized yield, loss and performance ratio. 7.3 Standardized graphics for standardized yields andlosses. 7.4 Standardized PV installation outputs. 7.5 Anomaly detection usingvarious types of graphics. 7.6 Summary and further comments. 7.7 Bibliographyfor this chapter. 8 PV installation sizing. 8.1 Principal of and baseline values for yield calculations. 8.2 Energy yield determination for grid-connected systems. 8.3 Sizing PV installations that use a battery. 8.4 Irradiance calcul
- ISBN: 978-1-119-99285-1
- Editorial: John Wiley & Sons
- Encuadernacion: Cartoné
- Páginas: 744
- Fecha Publicación: 13/01/2012
- Nº Volúmenes: 1
- Idioma: Inglés