Solid state proton conductors: properties and applications in fuel cells

INDICE: Preface xi About the Editors xiii Contributing Authors xv 1 Introduction and Overview: Protons, the Nonconformist Ions 1 Maria Luisa Di Vona and Philippe Knauth 1.1 Brief History of the Field 2 1.2 Structure of This Book 2 References 4 2 Morphology and Structure of Solid Acids 5 Habib Ghobarkar, Philippe Knauth and Oliver Schaf 2.1 Introduction 5 2.1.1 Preparation Technique ofSolid Acids 5 2.1.2 Imaging Technique with the Scanning Electron Microscope 62.2 Crystal Morphology and Structure of Solid Acids 8 2.2.1 Hydrohalic Acids 8 2.2.2 Main Group Element Oxoacids 10 2.2.3 Transition Metal Oxoacids 20 2.2.4 Carboxylic Acids 23 References 24 3 Diffusion in Solid Proton Conductors: Theoretical Aspects and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Analysis 25 Maria Luisa Di Vona, Emanuela Sgreccia, and Sebastiano Tosto 3.1 Fundamentals of Diffusion 25 3.1.1 Phenomenology of Diffusion 26 3.1.2 Solutions of the Diffusion Equation 35 3.1.3 Diffusion Coefficients and Proton Conduction 37 3.1.4 Measurement of the Diffusion Coefficient 38 3.2 Basic Principles of NMR 40 3.2.1 Description of the Main NMR Techniques Used in Measuring Diffusion Coefficients 42 3.3 Application of NMR Techniques 47 3.3.1 Polymeric Proton Conductors 47 3.3.2 Inorganic Proton Conductors 57 3.4 Liquid Water Visualization in Proton-Conducting Membranes by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging 62 3.5 Conclusions 65 References 65 4 Structure and Diffusivity in Proton-Conducting Membranes Studied by Quasi-elastic Neutron Scattering 69 Rolf Hempelmann 4.1 Survey 69 4.2 Diffusion in Solids and Liquids 71 4.3 Quasi-elastic Neutron Scattering: A Brief Introduction 74 4.4 Proton Diffusion in Membranes 80 4.4.1 Microstructure by Means of SAXS and SANS 80 4.4.2 Proton Conductivity and Water Diffusion 87 4.4.3 QENS Studies 88 4.5 Solid State Proton Conductors 93 4.5.1 Aliovalently Doped Perovskites 94 4.5.2 Hydrogen-Bonded Systems 99 4.6 Concluding Remarks 102 References 102 5 Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy: A Powerful Tool for the Determination of Charge Transfer Mechanisms in Ion Conductors 107 Vito Di Noto, GuinevereGiffin, Keti Vezzu', Matteo Piga, and Sandra Lavina 5.1 Basic Principles 108 5.1.1 The Interaction of Matter with Electromagnetic Fields: The Maxwell Equations 108 5.1.2 Electric Response in Terms of ?109 5.2 Phenomenological Background of Electric Properties in a Time-Dependent Field 112 5.2.1 Polarization Events 112 5.3 Theory of Dielectric Relaxation 125 5.3.1 Dielectric Relaxation Modes of Macromolecular Systems 126 5.3.2 A General Equation for the Analysis in the Frequency Domain of s(o) and e(o) 130 5.4 Analysis of Electric Spectra 130 5.5 Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy Measurement Techniques 139 5.5.1 Measurement Systems 142 5.5.2 Contacts 156 5.5.3 Calibration 163 5.5.4 Calibrationin Parallel Plate Methods 164 5.5.5 Measurement Accuracy 170 5.6 Concluding Remarks 177 5.7 Acknowledgements 178 References 178 6 Mechanical and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Proton-Conducting Polymers

• ISBN: 978-0-470-66937-2
• Editorial: John Wiley & Sons
• Encuadernacion: Cartoné
• Páginas: 424
• Fecha Publicación: 10/02/2012
• Nº Volúmenes: 1
• Idioma: Inglés