Chemistry, Manufacture and Applications of Natural Rubber

The growing demand for more sustainable materials has led to increased research on the properties of natural rubber. Chemistry, Manufacture and Applications of Natural Rubber summarizes this research and its significance for the industrial applications of natural rubber. Chapters in part one explore the properties and processing of natural rubber, including the biosynthesis of natural rubber in different rubber-producing species, chemical modification of natural rubber for improved performance, and the effect of strain-induced crystallization on the physical properties of natural rubber. Further chapters highlight hydrophobic and hydrophilic silica-filled cross-linked natural rubber and computer simulation of network formation in natural rubber. Part two focusses on applications of natural rubber, including eco-friendly bio-composites using natural rubber matrices and reinforcements, soft bio-composites from natural rubber and marine products, natural rubber for the tire industry, the application of epoxidized natural rubber in pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs), and the use of natural rubber for vibration isolation and earthquake protection of structures. Finally, chapters in part three consider environmental and safety issues associated with natural rubber, including improving the sustainable development of natural rubber, the recycling of natural and synthetic isoprene rubbers and of sulfur cross-linked natural rubber, and recent research on natural rubber latex allergy. Chemistry, Manufacture and Applications of Natural Rubber is a comprehensive resource for academics, chemists, chemical engineers, mechanical engineers, and other professionals in the rubber industry, as well as those industries, including automotive, civil, and medical engineering, using natural rubber products. An updated review with systematic and comprehensive coverage of natural rubbersCovers a broad range of topics, including the chemistry, processing, sustainability, and applications of natural rubbersCoverage of the best international research, including key experts from Asia, the United States, South America, and Europe INDICE: Contributor contact details Introduction Introduction to the unique qualities of natural rubber The history of natural rubber Types of rubber tree Future trends References Part I: Properties and processing of natural rubber 1. Biosynthesis of natural rubber (NR) in different rubber-producing species Abstract: 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Rubber biosynthesis 1.3 Rubber particles and rubber biosynthesis 1.4 Kinetic analyses of rubber transferase 1.5 Regulation of biosynthetic rate 1.6 Regulation of molecular weight 1.7 Identification and purification of rubber transferase 1.8 Conclusions 1.9 Acknowledgments 1.10 References 2. Natural rubber (NR) biosynthesis: perspectives from polymer chemistry Abstract: 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Background on natural rubber (NR) 2.3 Synthetic polyisoprenes (PIPs) 2.4 Biosynthesis of NR 2.5 In vitro biosynthesis of NR 2.6 NR in health care 2.7 Future trends 2.8 Acknowledgments 2.9 References and further reading 3. Chemical modification of natural rubber (NR) for improved performance Abstract: 3.1 Introduction: The role of chemical modification in creating high-performance natural rubber (NR) 3.2 The main types of chemical modification of NR 3.3 Chemical modification by changing the structure or weight of rubber molecules 3.4 Chemical modification of the carbon-carbon double bond 3.5 Chemical modification by grafting molecules of a different polymer type 3.6 Conclusions: Key issues in improving the properties of NR 3.7 Future trends 3.8 Sources of further information and advice 3.9 References 4. Understanding network control by vulcanization for sulfur cross-linked natural rubber (NR) Abstract: 4.1 Introduction: The importance of sulfur cross-linking of rubber 4.2 Using small-angle neutron scattering to analyze the network structure of sulfur cross-linked cis- 1,4- polyisoprene 4.3 Network control in sulfur cross-linked cis- 1,4- polyisoprene 4.4 Effect of network structure on strain-induced crystallization of sulfur cross-linked cis-1,4- polyisoprene 4.5 Future trends: Key issues in improving the properties of natural rubber (NR) 4.6 Acknowledgments 4.7 References 5. The effect of strain-induced crystallization (SIC) on the physical properties of natural rubber (NR) Abstract: 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Temperature-induced crystallization (TIC) and strain-induced crystallization (SIC) 5.3 Stress relaxation and SIC 5.4 Stress-strain relation and SIC 5.5 Tear resistance and SIC 5.6 Green strength and SIC 5.7 Conclusions 5.8 Acknowledgment 5.9 References 6. Generating particulate silica fillers in situ to improve the mechanical properties of natural rubber (NR) Abstract: 6.1 Introduction: Silica as a filler for rubber 6.2 Particulate silica generated in situ 6.3 Recent processes for adding filler to rubber 6.4 Applications of in situ silica 6.5 Conclusions: Key issues in improving the properties of natural rubber (NR) 6.6 Future trends 6.7 Acknowledgments 6.8 References 7. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic silica-filled cross-linked natural rubber (NR): structure and properties Abstract: 7.1 Introduction: Silica reinforcement of natural rubber (NR) 7.2 Testing hydrophobic and hydrophilic silica fillers: sample preparation 7.3 Methods for analyzing silica filler behavior in cross-linked NR matrix 7.4 Understanding the behavior of hydrophobic and hydrophilic silica fillers in cross-linked NR matrix 7.5 Comparing hydrophobic and hydrophilic silica-filled cross-linked NR 7.6 Conclusions 7.7 Future trends 7.8 Acknowledgments 7.9 References 8. Computer simulation of network formation in natural rubber (NR) Abstract: 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Simulation methods for cold mastication of natural rubber (NR) 8.3 Simulation methods for vulcanization of NR 8.4 Summary 8.5 Future trends 8.6 Sources of further information and advice 8.7 Acknowledgement 8.8 References 8.9 Appendix: Basic concept of cascade theory Part II: Applications of natural rubber 9. Eco-friendly bio-composites using natural rubber (NR) matrices and natural fiber reinforcements Abstract: 9.1 Introduction 9.2 The importance of eco-friendly bio-composites from natural rubber (NR) 9.3 Natural fiber reinforcement materials for NR bio-composites 9.4 Factors influencing the effectiveness of fiber reinforcement 9.5 Methods to improve the properties of NR biocomposites 9.6 Physical properties of NR bio-composites 9.7 Processing of NR bio-composites 9.8 Applications of NR-based bio-composites with NR reinforcements 9.9 Future trends 9.10 Sources of further information and advice 9.11 References 10. Natural rubber (NR) composites using cellulosic fiber reinforcements Abstract: 10.1 Introduction: The importance of natural rubber (NR)/cellulose composites 10.2 NR/cellulose composites 10.3 NR/natural cellulose nanocomposites 10.4 NR/regenerated cellulose nanocomposites 10.5 Applications 10.6 Future trends 10.7 References 11. Soft bio-composites from natural rubber (NR) and marine products Abstract: 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Processes and materials for developing natural rubber (NR) composites 11.3 Effects of marine product fillers on rubber composites 11.4 Conclusion 11.5 Future trends 11.6 Sources of further information and advice 11.7 References 12. Natural rubber (NR) for the tyre industry Abstract: 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Tyre types, manufacture and requirements 12.3 Natural rubber (NR) properties required in tyre manufacture 12.4 NR properties required in tyre products 12.5 Examples of NR use in demanding tyre applications 12.6 Quality standards for NR as a raw material 12.7 Future trends 12.8 References 13. Application of epoxidized natural rubber (NR) in pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) Abstract: 13.1 Introduction to pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) 13.2 Processing of natural rubber (NR) and NR-based PSAs 13.3 Assessing the performance of a PSA 13.4 The use of epoxidized NR as an adhesive 13.5 Effect of coating thickness 13.6 Effect of tackifier and filler 13.7 Effect of molecular weight 13.8 Effect of testing rate 13.9 Other factors affecting performance 13.10 Future trends 13.11 Sources of further information and advice 13.12 References 14. Use of natural rubber (NR) for vibration isolation and earthquake protection of structures Abstract: 14.1 Introduction 14.2 The concept of vibration isolation and earthquake protection 14.3 Vibration isolation and earthquake protection systems 14.4 Characteristics of natural rubber (NR) for vibration isolation and earthquake protection 14.5 Conclusion 14.6 References Part III: Environmental and safety issues 15. Improving the sustainable development of natural rubber (NR) Abstract: 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Supply and demand of natural rubber (NR) in the twenty-first century 15.3 Biodiversity 15.4 Applications of state-of-the-art biotechnology 15.5 Biosafety 15.6 Conclusion and future trends 15.7 References 16. Recycling of natural and synthetic isoprene rubbers Abstract: 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Approaches to the reuse and recycling of natural rubber (NR) 16.3 Reuse of NR 16.4 Recycling of NR 16.5 Recycling of synthetic isoprene rubber 16.6 Future trends 16.7 Conclusions 16.8 Acknowledgements 16.9 References 17. Recycling of sulfur cross-linked natural rubber (NR) using supercritical carbon dioxide Abstract: 17.1 Introduction: Key problems in recycling sulfur cross-linked natural rubber (NR) 17.2 Advantages of supercritical CO2 (scCO2) for the devulcanization of sulfur cross-linked rubber 17.3 Devulcanization of sulfur cross-linked NR in scCO2 17.4 Devulcanization of carbon black-filled sulfur cross-linked NR 17.5 Devulcanization of an NR-based truck tire vulcanizate 17.6 The role of scCO2 in the devulcanization of sulfur cross-linked rubber 17.7 Conclusion: Key issues in ensuring effective recycling of sulfur cross-linked NR 17.8 Future trends 17.9 Acknowledgements 17.10 References 18. Recent research on natural rubber latex (NRL) allergy Abstract: 18.1 Introduction: The problem of natural rubber latex (NRL) allergy 18.2 Medical background to NRL allergy 18.3 Mechanisms of development and clinical presentation of NRL allergy 18.4 Recent trends in the prevalence of NRL allergy 18.5 Key issues in reducing NRL allergy 18.6 Future trends 18.7 Conclusion 18.8 Sources of further information and advice 18.9 References 18.10 Appendix: Abbreviations Index

• ISBN: 978-0-08-101352-6
• Editorial: Woodhead Publishing
• Encuadernacion: Rústica
• Páginas: 524
• Fecha Publicación: 30/06/2016
• Nº Volúmenes: 1
• Idioma: Inglés