This book provides researchers, clinicians, and students with a useful overview of the key issues involved in measuring client change within clinical practice. It reviews the history, conceptual foundations, and current status of trait- and state-based assessment models and approaches, exploring their strengths and limitations for measuring change across therapy sessions. Particular attention is given to the critical challenges of interpreting and using measurement and assessment data that can enable the provision of better clinical care and treatment evaluation. INDICE: Chapter I: Introduction and Rationale. Contemporary Psychological Testing. Contemporary Psychotherapy Research and Practice. The Implications ofResearch Stuckness for Clinical Practice. Summary and Conclusions. ChapteráII: A History of Traits. The Seeds of Conflict. The Desire to Be Scientific. TheModel of Physiology Biology and Individual Differences. The Desire to Be Relevant. The Need for Classification. The Consequences of the Adoption of a Trait-Based Measurement Paradigm. Loss of Experimental Methods Inhibits Recognitionof Method Variance. The Gain of Traits and Loss of Situations. Handling Errorwith Classical Test Theory Statistics Related to Measurement. Assessment as aComplement to Measurement. Deemphasizing Measurement Theory. Loss of Precision. The Wisdom and Tyranny of Tradition. The Success and Failure of the Market.Summary and Implications. ChapteráIII: Reliability, Validity, and Systematic Errors. Introduction. Thinking about Reliability and Validity. Types of Validity. Constructs, Theories, and Valid Measurement. Construct Explication. Multitrait-Multimethod Matrices: Investigating the Effects of Method Variance on Validity. Campbell and Fiske. Criteria for Construct Validity. An MTMM Example. Problems with Campbell and Fiske's approach. The Factor Analytic Approach to Construct Validity. History of Self-Report and Interview Errors. Self-Reports. Interviews and Observational Methods. Measurement Error. Systematic Errors Associated with Self-Reports. Dissimulation and Malingering. Social Desirability. Systematic Errors Associated with Ratings by Others. Halo Errors. Leniency andCriticalness Errors. Causes of Inconsistency. Cognitive Influences. Item Comprehension Problems. Test Cues. Low Cognitive Ability. Affective and Motivational Influences. Test Anxiety. Negative Emotional States. Environmental and Cultural Influences. Reactivity. Stereotype Threat. Summary and Implications . Chapter IV: States, Traits, and Validity. Introduction. History. The Controversy of Mischel and Peterson: The Benefits of Conflict. The Rejection of Traits: Behavioral Assessment. Reinforcing the Trait Argument. Person-environment Interactions. Aptitude-by-Treatment Interactions. Environmental Assessment. Moderators of Cross-Situational Consistency. Summary and Integration. Chapter V: Context Effects and Validity. Introduction. Understanding Inconsistency: Clues fromPsychophysics Measurement. The Limitations of Psychophysical Measurement. Conclusions and Implications from Psychophysical Research. Improving the Principles of Construct Explication. Test Purpose. Test Content. Test Context. Shared Contexts and Method Variance. Applications. Recommendations Related to Test Purpose. Recommendations Related to Test Content. Recommendations Related to Test Contexts. Summary and Implications. Chapter VI: Nomothetic Approaches to Measuring Change and Influencing Outcomes. History and Background. Examples of Nomothetic Measures. Beck Depression Inventory. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Global Assessment of Functioning. Outcome Questionnaire. Psychometric Principles and Nomothetic Measures. Reliability of Nomothetic Measures. Validity. Applications. Creating Change-Sensitive Measures. Psychometric Properties of Aggregate Scales. Using Change-Sensitive Tests in Program Evaluations. An Evidence-Based Approach to Supervision. Summary and Integration. Chapter VII: Idiographic Approaches to Measuring Change and Influencing Outcomes. History and Background. Psychometric Principles and Idiographic Measures. Reliability of Idiographic Measures. Validity of Idiographic Measures. Applications. Begin with the Case Conceptualization. Explicate Constructs. Measure Behaviors. Collect as Much Data as Possible. Data Analysis Procedures for Idiographic Data. Consider Progress Notes for Process and Outcome Data. Summary and Implications . Chapter VIII: Summary, Integration, and Future Directions. Major Ideas. Initial Findings and Future Research. Nomothetic Outcome Measures. Idiographic Outcome Measures. Context Effects. Innovative Research Methods. Conclusion. References. Author Index. Subject Index.
- ISBN: 978-1-59385-720-2
- Editorial: GUILFORD PRESS, THE
- Encuadernacion: Cartoné
- Páginas: 330
- Fecha Publicación: 01/08/2008
- Nº Volúmenes: 1
- Idioma: Inglés