An integrated approach to industrial site energy systems management, with technological solutions for waste avoidance, provides both financial dividends and environmental protection. Written by experts with extensive international experience in the practical application of energy and environmental management, Applied Industrial Energy and Environmental Management presents a practical, application-oriented method for energy performance assessment and improvement in industrial plants. An accompanying website includes a number of software programs to support practicing energy and environmental management engineers, plant managers and consultants, and graduate students. INDICE: Contents About the Authors Preface Introductory Chapter: FRAMEWORKFOR ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN INDUSTRY 1. Introduction 2. EnergyUse by Industrial Operations 3. Environmental Impacts of Industrial Operations 4. End Use Energy Efficiency 5. Efficiency of Using Raw Materials 6. Global Energy Policy Framework 7. Integrated Energy and Environmental Policies 8. Industries Self-Motivation for Effective Energy and Environmental Performance 9. Environmentally Responsible Investing 10. Where to Look for Energy and Environmental Performance Improvements 11. References Part I: THE ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN INDUSTRY Introducing the Energy and Environmental Management System 1. Introduction 2. Definition of Terms 3. Energy and Environmental Management System 4. Objectives of an Energy and Environmental Management 5. Dynamics of Energy and Environmental Management 6. Human Aspects of Energy and Environmental Management 6.1 Change 6.2 Aspects of Change 6.3 Barriers to Overcome 6.4 Un-Awareness of Opportunities 6.5 De-Motivating Aspects 6.6 Motivating People 6.7 Providing Leadership 6.8 Top Managements Visible Commitmentto EEM 6.9 Decisions to be Made 6.10 Visibility 6.11 Working with People Towards a Successful EEMS Project 6.11.1 Managers 6.11.2 Employees 7. Initiating Training, Awareness and Motivation Programs 7.1 Management 7.2 Technical Managers and Supervisors 7.3 Awareness and Motivation for all Employees 8. References The Energy and Environmental Management Concept 1. Introduction 2. Interactions between Energy and Production 3. Energy Cost Centers 4. Assigning Responsibilities for Energy and Environmental Performance 5. Performance Measurement System 5.1 Metrics 5.2 Measurement Data Sources 5.3 Data Handling Procedures 5.4 Data Verification 5.5 Measurement Frequency 5.6 Supporting Infrastructure 5.7 Raw Material Performance Indicators (RMPI) 5.8 Energy Performance Indicator (EPI) 5.9 Data Adequacy 5.10 Performance Targets 5.11 Environmental Performance Indicator (EnPI) 6. Effective Use of Energy and Environmental Performance Indicators 7. Concept of Energy and Environmental Management System 8. Context of Energy and Environmental Management 8.1 External Context 8.2 Internal Context 8.3 Factors that Influence Energy and Environmental Performance 9. References Relationship between Energy Use and Production Volume 1. Introduction 2. Energy/Production Relationship by Design 3. Energy/Production Relationship by Standard Operational Procedure 4. Presenting the Dynamics of the Energy/Production Relationship by a Scatter Diagram 5. Interpretation of Energy/Production Data Pattern on the Scatter Diagra m 6. Statistical Methods for Energy/ProductionVariability Analysis 6.1 Regression Analyses 6.2 Correlation Analyses 7. Meaning and Use of the Regression Line in Energy Performance Evaluation 7.1 Quantifying and Understanding Energy/Production Variability 7.2 Fixed and Variable Energy Consumption 7.3 Specific Energy Consumption 8. Summary of Presenting andAnalyzing Energy/Production Relationshi 9. References Evaluating the Performance of Energy and Environmental Management Practice 1. Evaluation of Past Performance 2. Energy and Environmental Auditing 2.1 Scope of Energy Audit 2.2 Scope of Environmental Audit 3. Evaluating Organizational Aspects 3.1 QualitativeEvaluation 3.2 Quantitative Evaluation 4. Evaluating Operational Aspects 4.1 Planning and Preparation for Data Collection 4.2 Data Collection on Energy Consumption 4.3 Data Collection on Production Processes 4.4 Specification of Major Utilities and End-using Equipment 4.5 Data Collection on Environmental Impacts 4.6 Assessing on Site Metering and Control Equipment 4.7 Measurement Plan 4.8 Timing 4.9 Records and Note Keeping 4.10 Instrumentation 4.11 Calculations 4.12 Economic and Financial Analysis 4.13 Presentation of Audit Results 5. Setting a Baseline for Monitoring Performance Improvements 6. Setting Initial Targets for Performance Improvement 6.1 Setting Targets at the Companys Level 6.2Setting Targets on ECC Level 6.3 Targets for Different Products 7. MonitoringEnergy and Environmental Performance 8. Verifying Performance Improvements CUSUM Technique 9. Moving Toward Targets - Process Of Change 10. References Implementation of the Energy and Environmental Management System (EEMS) 1. Introduction 2. Phases of EEMS Implementation Process 3. Preparation and Planning 3.1Energy and Environmental Policy 3.2 Assigning Management Responsibilities forEnergy And Environment 3.3 EEMS Organization 4. Implementation Plan 4.1 Initiate Awareness and Training Programs 4.1.1 Awareness and Motivation 4.1.2 Training 4.2 Installation of Performance Measurement System 4.3 Target Setting 5. EEMS Operation 5.1 Performance Data Interpretation 5.1.1 Evaluation of Operational Practice 6. Learning Through EEMS Operation 6.1 Learning Cycle 6.2 Learning Through Peoples Performance Evaluation 7. Continuity and Communication 8. Integration of EEMS with Business Management System 9. References Energy and Environmental Management as a Driver for Integrated Performance Management 1.Introduction 2.Integrated Performance Management in Operations 3.Strategic aspectsof performance management 3.1 Identifying external factors influencing performance 3.1.1 Identifying technological changes 3.2 Organizational Fragmentation3.2.1 Data Fragmentation 4. Integrated Performance Measurement System 4.1 Knowledge discovery 5. Integrated Performance Management 6. Conclusion 7. References ENGINEERING ASPECTS OF INDUSTRIAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT Industrial Energy Systems 1. Introduction 2. Industrial Energy Systems Analysis Industrial Steam System 1. System Description 1.1 Boilers 1.2 Steam Distribution System 1.3 Steam End-Users 1.4 Condensate Return System 2. System Performance Definition 2.1TheCost of Steam 3. Principles of Performance Analysis 3.1 Performance Improvement Opportunities 3.2 Example 1: Steam System Energy Performance Analysis 4. Analysis of Boiler Performance 4.1. Direct (Input/Output) Method 4.2. Indirect (Heat Losses) Method 4.2.1 Heat energy loss due to flue gas 4.2.2 Heat energy loss due to chemically incomplete combustion 4.2.3 Heat energy loss due to mechanically incomplete combustion 4.2.4 Heat energy loss due to radiation 4.2.5 Heat energy loss due to slag 4.2.6 Heat energy loss due to blow-down 4.2.7 Summary on Indirect Boiler Efficiency Determination 4.3 Preparing a Measurement Plan for Boiler Performance Analysis 5. Factors Influencing Boiler Performance 5.1 Boiler Load 5.2 Boiler Design 5.3 Fouling of Heat Transfer Surfaces 5.3.1 Gas-Side Fouling 5.3.2 Water-Side Fouling 5.4 Boiler Operation Controls 5.5 Water Quality 6. Opportunities for Boiler Performance Improvement 6.1 Combustion Efficiency Improvement 6.2 Load Scheduling 6.3 Waste Heat Recovery Techniques 6.3.1 Heat Recovery from Flue Gas 6.3.2 Combustion Air Pre-Heating System 6.3.3 Heat Recovery from Boiler Blow-down 6.4 Boiler Water Treatment Improvement 6.5 Boiler Control System Improvement 7. Software for Boiler Performance Analysis 7.1 Software 4: FUELS AND COMBUSTION 7.2 Software 5: THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF WATER AND STEAM 7.3 Software 7: EFFICIENCY OF INDUSTRIAL STEAM BOILERS 7.4 Software 9: THE HEAT EXCHANGERS OPERATING POINT DETERMINATION 7.5 Example 2: Boiler Efficiency Improvement 7.5.1 Facility Description 7.5.2 Steam Generation and Fuel Consumption 7.5.3 Measurements, Technical Calculations and Analysis 7.5.4 Best Operation Practice 7.5.5 Efficiency Calculation based on Measured Values 7.5.6 Summary of Performance Improvement Measures (PIMs) 7.5.6.1 PIM 1: Automatic Control of Combustion Process and Blow-Down Heat Recovery 7.5.6.2PIM 2: Installation of Economizer 7.5.6.3 Basis for Engineering Design and Cost Estimate 8. Boiler Performance Monitoring 8.1 Values to be Monitored 9. Steam Distribution and Condensate Return System 9.1 Steam Distribution System Performance Analysis 9.2 Influencing Factors on Steam Distribution System Performance 9.2.1 Steam Leaks 9.2.2 Insulation 10. Condensate Return System 10.1 Flash Steam Recovery 10.2 Performance Improvement Opportunities 10.3 Software IV-8: STEAM SYSTEM INSULATION 10.4 Example 3: Steam and Condensate System Insulation Improvements 10.5 Performance Monitoring of Steam Distribution and Condensate Return System 11. Environmental Impacts 11.1 Ambient Air Pollution 11.2 Water Pollution 11.3 Carbon Emission Factors 11.4 Example 4: Practical Calculation of Carbon Emission Reduction 12. References Industrial Electrical Power System 1. Introduction 2. Description of Industrial Electric Power Systems 3. Basic Terms 3.1 Active and Reactive Power and Power Factor 3.2 Load Diagram 3.3 Peak Demand 3.4 Power and Energy 3.5 Load Factor 3.6 Quality of Power Supply 4. Tariff System 5. Main Components of Industrial Electric Power Systems 5.1 Transformers 5.2 Cables 5.3 Electric Motors 6. Performance Assessment of Industrial Electric Power Systems 7. Performance Improvement Opportunities 7.1 Load Management 7.2 Demand Control 7.2.1 Example 1: Demand Control by Stand-by Diesel Generators 7.2.2 Example 2: Relation between Load Factor, Demand Charges and Total Electricity Costs 7.3 Power Factor Correction 7.3.1 Example 3: Power Factor Correction from 0.6 to 0.9 7.4 Electric Motor Drives 7.4.1 Variable Speed Drives (VSD) 7.4.2 Correct Operational Procedure 7.4.3 Example 4: Comparison ofFan Operations with Constant and Variable Speed Control 8. Maintenance Considerations 9. Performance Monitoring 9.1 Power Quality Indicators 9.2 Electric Motor Drives - Maintenance Needs Indicators 9.3 Electric Motor Drives - Operational Practice Indicators 10. Environmental Impacts 10.1 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) 11. References Compressed Air System 1. System Description 1.1 Compressors 1.2 Air Pressure 1.3 Air Receiver 1.4 Water Removal 1.5 Pipe Work 1.6 Ventilation of Compressor Room 2. Performance Analysis 2.1 Compressor's Performance Graph 2.2 M
- ISBN: 978-0-470-69742-9
- Editorial: John Wiley & Sons
- Encuadernacion: Cartoné
- Páginas: 456
- Fecha Publicación: 10/10/2008
- Nº Volúmenes: 1
- Idioma: Inglés