Biomass as a sustainable energy source for the future: fundamentals of conversion processes

Focusing on the conversion of biomass into gas or liquid fuels the book covers physical pre–treatment technologies, thermal, chemical and biochemical conversion technologies • Details the latest biomass characterization techniques • Explains the biochemical and thermochemical conversion processes • Discusses the development of integrated biorefineries, which are similar to petroleum refineries in concept, covering such topics as reactor configurations and downstream processing • Describes how to mitigate the environmental risks when using biomass as fuel • Includes many problems, small projects, sample calculations and industrial application examples INDICE: Part I Social context and structural basis of biomass as a renewable energy sources 1. Introduction: Socio–economic aspects of biomass conversion 1.1 Energy supply – economic and environmental considerations 1.2 Ways to mitigate threats to a sustainable energy supply 1.3 What is sustainable supply of biomass? 1.4 Resources and sustainable potential of biomass 1.5 A brief introduction to multi–product biomass conversion techniques Chapter summary and Study Guide Key concepts Short–answer questions Problems Projects Internet References Bibliography 2. Biomass composition, properties and characterization 2.1 Physico–chemical properties 2.2 Main structural organic constituents 2.3 Minor organic constituents 2.4 Inorganic compounds 2.5 Proximate and Ultimate analysis 2.6 Heating values 2.7 Ash characterization techniques Chapter summary and Study Guide Key concepts Short–answer questions Problems Projects Internet References Bibliography Part II Chemical engineering principles of biomass processing 3. Conservation: Mass, momentum and energy balances 3.1 General conservation equation 3.2 Conservation of mass 3.3 Conservation of energy 3.4 Conservation of momentum Chapter summary and Study Guide Key concepts Short–answer questions Problems Projects Internet References Bibliography 4. Transfer: Basics of mass and heat transfer 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Transport terms in the governing equations 4.3 Radiative heat transfer 4.4 Convective heat and mass transfer 4.5 Transfer of heat and mass with phase change Chapter summary and Study Guide Key concepts Short–answer questions Problems Projects Bibliography 5. Reactions: Thermodynamic aspects, kinetics and catalysis 5.1 Reaction kinetics 5.2 Chemical equilibrium 5.3 Catalysis Chapter summary and Study Guide Key concepts Short–answer questions Problems Projects Bibliography 6. Reactors: Idealized chemical reactors 6.1 Preliminary concepts 6.2 Batch Reactors 6.3 Steady State Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTRs) 6.4 Steady State Plug Flow Reactors (PFRs) 6.5 Residence time and Space Time for Flow Reactors 6.6 Deviations from plug flow and perfect mixing Chapter summary and Study Guide Key concepts Short–answer questions Problems Projects Bibliography 7. Processes: Basics of process design 7.1 Scope 7.2 Characterization of biomass processing 7.3 Analyzing the outside of a process 7.4 Analyzing the inside of a process 7.5 A design procedure for biomass conversion processes 7.6 Interface with supply chain: input–output diagram 7.7 Division in sub–processes 7.8 Process design: functional block diagram 7.9 Example of analysis and evaluation in process design 7.10 Integrating proces units into the functional network 7.11 Application potential Chapter summary and Study Guide Key concepts Short–answer questions Problems Projects Internet References Bibliography Part III Biomass conversion technologies 8. Physical pretreatment of biomass 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Harvesting and transport 8.3 Storage 8.4 Washing 8.5 Size reduction 8.6 Particle size characterization 8.7 Screening and classification 8.8 Methods of moisture reduction 8.9 Compaction technologies 8.10 Sequencing the pretreatment steps Chapter summary and Study Guide Key concepts Short–answer questions Problems Projects Internet References Bibliography 9. Thermochemical conversion: Direct combustion 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Fundamental conversion processes 9.3 Particle conversion modes 9.4 Combustion systems 9.5 Emissions Chapter summary and Study Guide Key concepts Short–answer questions Problems Projects Internet References Bibliography 10. Thermochemical conversion: (Co–)gasification and hydrothermal gasification 10.1 What is gasification? A Chemical and Engineering background 10.2 A short history of gasification 10.3 (Co–)Gasification technologies for dry biomass 10.4 Gasification in an aqueous environment – hydrothermal biomass conversion 10.5 Gas cleaning for biomass gasification processes Chapter summary and Study Guide Key concepts Short–answer questions Problems Projects Internet References Bibliography 11. Thermochemical conversion: An introduction to fast pyrolysis 11.1 Introduction 11.2 A first look at a liquefaction process 11.3 A first look at fast pyrolysis oil 11.4 Chemistry and Kinetics of pyrolysis 11.5 Processes at the particle level 11.6 A closer look at pyrolysis oil 11.7 Fast pyrolysis processes 11.8 Catalytic pyrolysis 11.9 Oil applications 11.10 Outlook Appendix 11.1: Single–particle model Chapter summary and Study Guide Key concepts Short–answer questions Problems Projects Internet References Bibliography 12. Thermochemical conversion: Torrefaction 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Fundamentals of Torrefaction 12.3 Advantages of Torrefaction 12.4 Torrefaction technology 12.5 Torrefaction: An enabling technology 12.6 The future of torrefaction Chapter summary and Study Guide Key concepts Short–answer questions Problems Projects Bibliography 13. Biochemical conversion: Industrial fermentation 13.1 Introduction 13.2 First–generation bioethanol processes 13.3 Second–generation bioethanol processes 13.4 Butanol 13.5 Diesel–like products 13.6 Stoichiometric and thermodynamic comparison of fermentative biofuels 13.7 Outlook Chapter summary and Study Guide Key concepts Short–answer questions Problems Projects Bibliography 14. Biochemical conversion: Anaerobic digestion 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Biochemical Fundamentals 14.3 Thermodynamic Fundamentals 14.4 Process Engineering 14.5 Outlook and discussion Chapter summary and Study Guide Key concepts Short–answer questions Problems Projects Bibliography 15. Biorefineries: Integration of different technologies 15.1 What is a biorefinery and what is the difference with an oil refinery? 15.2 Types of biorefineries 15.3 Economic considerations evaluating biorefinery concepts – basic methods for assessing investments and cost prices 15.4 Outlook to the future of biorefineries Chapter summary and Study Guide Key concepts Short–answer questions Problems Projects Internet References Bibliography Part IV End uses 16. High–efficiency energy systems with biomass gasifiers and solid oxide fuel cells 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Solid oxide fuel cells 16.3 Biomass gasifier–SOFC combination 16.4 Concluding remarks Chapter summary and Study Guide Key concepts Short–answer questions Problems Projects Internet References Bibliography 17. Synthesis gas utilization for transportation fuel production 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis 17.3 Synthetic natural gas synthesis 17.4 Methanol synthesis 17.5 Comparison of the different options Chapter summary and Study Guide Key concepts Short–answer questions Problems Projects Internet References Bibliography 18. Chemistry of biofuels and biofuel additives from biomass 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Bioethanol and Biodiesel 18.3 Conversion of Sugars to hydrocarbon fuels 18.4 Greenness of the conversion of platform molecules into bio–based fuel additives 18.5 Direct aqueous reforming of sugars leading to a range of alkanes 18.6 Future generations of biofuel Chapter summary and Study Guide Key concepts Short–answer questions Problems Projects Internet References Bibliography

• ISBN: 978-1-118-30491-4
• Editorial: Wiley–Blackwell
• Encuadernacion: Rústica
• Páginas: 612
• Fecha Publicación: 01/12/2014
• Nº Volúmenes: 1
• Idioma: Inglés