The field of radionavigation signals and systems has seen great growth in recent years. Satellite systems are very efficient but, due to their limited coverage and/or availability in some environments, do not cover the whole spectrumof applications. This book presents a large overview of the strengths and weaknesses of various systems, with a specific emphasis on satellite based ones. Special attention is given to RF systems, but also covered are navigation signals, errors and environmental effects, inertial system aiding, integrity, and hydridization. INDICE: Foreword. Acknowledgements. Preface. Chapter 1. A brief history ofnavigation and positioning. 1.1 The first age of navigation 1.2 The age of the great navigators. 1.3 Cartography, lighthouses and astronomical positioning 1.4 The radio age. 1.5 The first terrestrial positioning systems. 1.6 The era of artificial satellites. 1.7 The real-time satellite navigation constellations today. 1.8 Exercises 1.9 References. Chapter 2. A brief explanation of the early techniques of positioning. 2.1 Discovering the world. 2.2 The first age of navigation and the longitude problem. 2.3 The first optical based calculation techniques 2.4 The first terrestrial radio based systems 2.5 The first navigation satellite systems: TRANSIT and PARUS/TSIKADA. 2.6 The second generation of navigation satellite systems: GPS, GLONASS and Galileo. 2.7 The forthcomingthird generation of navigation satellite systems: QZSS and COMPASS. 2.8 Representing the world. 2.8.1 Brief history of geodesy 2.8.2 Basics of reference systems. 2.8.3 Navigation needs for present and future use. 2.8.4 Modern maps. 2.8.5 Geodesic systems used in modern GNSS. 2.9 Exercises. 2.10 References. Chapter 3. Development, deployment and current status of satellite based navigation systems. 3.1 Strategic, economical and political aspects. 3.1.1 FCC. 3.1.2 European approach. 3.1.3 International spectrum conference. 3.1.4 Strategic, political and economical issues for Europe. 3.2 The global positioning satellite systems: GPS, GLONASS and Galileo. 3.2.1 The Global Positioning System : GPS. 3.2.2 The GLONASS. 3.2.3 Galileo. 3.3 The GNSS1: Egnos, WAAS and MSAS. 3.4 The other satellite based systems. 3.5 Differential satellite based commercial services. 3.6 Summary of the chapter 3.7 Exercises 3.8 References. Chapter 4. Non-GNSS positioning systems and techniques for outdoors. 4.1 Introduction (large area without contact or wireless systems). 4.2 The optical systems. 4.2.1 The stars. 4.2.2 Lighthouses. 4.2.3 The ‘ancient’ classical triangulation. 4.2.4 Lasers. 4.2.5 Cameras. 4.2.6 Light level measurements. 4.3 The terrestrial radio systems. 4.3.1 Amateur radio transmissions. 4.3.2 Radar. 4.3.3 The LORANand Decca systems. 4.3.4 ILS, MLS, VOR, DME. 4.3.5 Mobile telecommunication networks. 4.3.6 WPAN, WLAN and WMAN. 4.3.7 Use of radio signals of various sources. 4.4 The satellite radio systems. 4.4.1 The Argos system. 4.4.2 The COSPAS-SARSAT system. 4.4.3 DORIS. 4.4.4 The QZSS approach. 4.4.5 GAGAN. 4.4.6 Beidou and COMPASS. 4.5 Non-radio based systems. 4.5.1 Accelerometers. 4.5.2 Gyroscopes. 4.5.3 Odometers 4.5.4 Magnetometers 4.5.5 Barometers and altimeters. 4.6Exercises. 4.7 References. Chapter 5. GNSS system descriptions. 5.1 System description. 5.1.1 The ground segments. 5.1.2 The space segments. 5.1.3 The user(terminal) segments. 5.1.4 The services offered. 5.2 Summary and comparison of the 3 systems. 5.3 Basics of GNSS positioning parameters 5.3.1 Position related parameters. 5.3.2 Signal related parameters. 5.3.3 Modernization. 5.4 Introduction to error sources. 5.5 Concepts of differential approaches. 5.6 SBAS system description (WAAS and EGNOS). 5.7 Exercises. 5.8 References. Chapter 6. GNSS navigation signals: description and details. 6.1 Navigation signal structures and modulations for GPS, GLONASS and Galileo. 6.2 Some explanations of the concepts and details of the codes. 6.2.1 Reasons for different codes. 6.2.2 Reasons for different frequencies. 6.2.3 Reasons for a navigation message. 6.2.4 Possible choices for multiple access and modulations schemes. 6.3 Mathematical formulation of the signals. 6.4 Summary and comparison of the 3 systems. 6.4.1 Reasons for compatibility of frequencies and receivers. 6.4.2 Recap tables. 6.5 Developments. 6.6 Error sources. 6.6.1 Impact of an error in pseudo ranges. 6.6.2 Time synchronization related errors. 6.6.3 Propagation related errors. 6.6.4 Location related errors. 6.6.5 Estimation of error budget. 6.6.6 SBAS contribution to error mitigation. 6.7 Time reference systems. 6.8 Exercises.6.9 References. Chapter 7. Acquisition and tracking of GNSS signals. 7.1 Transmission part. 7.1.1 Introduction. 7.1.2 Structure and generation of the codes. 7.1.3 Structure and generation of the signals. 7.1.4 Interface Control Documents (ICDs). 7.2 Receiver architectures. 7.2.1 The generic problem of signal acquisition. 7.2.2 Possible high-level approaches. 7.2.3 The receiver radio architectures. 7.2.4 Channel details. 7.3 Measurement techniques. 7.3.1 Code phase measurements. 7.3.2 Carrier phase measurements. 7.3.3 Relative techniques. 7.3.4 Precise Point Positioning. 7.4 Exercises. 7.5 References. Chapter 8. Techniques for calculating positions. 8.1 Calculating the PVT solution. 8.1.1 Basic principles of trilateration. 8.1.2 Coordinate system. 8.1.3 Sphere intersection approach. 8.1.4 Analytical model of hyperboloids. 8.1.5 Angle of arrival related mathematics. 8.1.6 Least square method. 8.1.7 Calculation of velocity. 8.1.8 Calculation of time. 8.2 Satellites position computations..etc.
- ISBN: 978-0-471-79376-2
- Editorial: John Wiley & Sons
- Encuadernacion: Cartoné
- Páginas: 440
- Fecha Publicación: 07/03/2008
- Nº Volúmenes: 1
- Idioma: Inglés