From ideologies to public philosophies: an introduction to political theory

INDICE:Preface. 1. Constructing Our Public Philosophies. Public Philosophies and Political Ideologies. Political Theory. Searching for an Underlying Consensus Within Pluralism. Ideas Beyond the Underlying Consensus of Pluralism. Conclusions. Part I: Participants in our Political Conversations. 2. Voices from the Major Ideologies of the Nineteenth Century. Classical Liberalism: Building Democratic Capitalism. Traditional Conservatism: Defending the Old Social Order. Anarchism: Rebelling Against Authority. Marxism: Pursuing a Classless Society. Conclusions. 3. Prominent Totalitarian and Pluralist Voices of the Twentieth Century. Communism: Fighting Imperialism in Developing Societies. Fascism and Nazism: Totalitarian Control to Strengthen the Collective. Contemporary Liberalism: Reforming Capitalism and Democracy. Contemporary Conservatism: Opposing Liberal and Socialist Programs. Conclusions. 4. Radical and Extremist Voices in Contemporary Politics. The Radical Left: Seeking More Egalitarian and Communal Societies. The Radical Right: Seeking More Economic Freedom or Moral Consensus. The Extreme Right: Returning to More Homogeneous Societies. The Extreme Left: Deconstructing Global Neoliberalism. Conclusions. Part II: Philosophical Assumptions: Their Importance as Foundations for Political Principles. 5. Questions of Ontology. Traditional Conservatives: Emphasizing "The Great Chain of Being". Classical Liberals: Deism, Naturalism and Materialism. Anarchists: Natural Interconnections, Ideas, and Conflicts. Marxists: Economic Determinism. Communists: Revising Dialectical Materialism. Fascists and Nazis: Heroic Will and Racial Struggle. Contemporary Liberals: Deemphasizing Ontology and Embracing Contingency. Contemporary Conservatives: Accepting the World As It Is.The Radical Right: Refuting Charges of Economic and Divine Determination. TheExtreme Right: Expecting a Divine Apocalypse. The Radical Left: Tempering Material Forces with Socialist Ideals. The Extreme Left: Releasing Human Imagination, Constrained by Ecological Limits. Conclusions. 6. Questions of Human Nature. Classical Liberals: Humans as Equal and Rational Pursuers of Happiness. Traditional Conservatives: Defining Humans by their Places in Society. Anarchists: Seeing Human Altruism as Hindered by Conventional Institutions. Marxists: Conceiving Humans as Creative Laborers. Communists: Creating a "New Man". Fascists and Nazis: Energizing the Will of "the Herd". Contemporary Liberals: Fostering Autonomy, Reason, and Moral Development. The Radical Left: Stressing our Common Humanity and Individual Differences. Contemporary Conservatives: Accepting Human Imperfection. The Radical Right: Embedding Humans in Free Markets and/or Moral Communities. The Extreme Right: Regarding Humans as either Good or Evil. The Extreme Left: Rejecting an Essential Human Nature. Conclusions. 7. Questions of Society. Classical Liberals: Individuals Seeking Mutual Benefits Through a Social Contract. Traditional Conservatives: Organic Societies that Come Before Individuals. Anarchists: Natural Societies Built on Friendship. Marxists: Transforming Class-Based Societies into Classless Ones. Communists: Non-Proletarian Contributions to a Classless Society. Fascists and Nazis: DefiningSocieties in Nationalist and Racist Terms. Contemporary Liberals: Promoting Social Pluralism. Contemporary Conservatives: Seeing Society as a Delicate Watch. The Radical Right: Holding either Libertarian or Communitarian Visions of Society. The Radical Left: Searching for More Communal and Egalitarian Societies. The Extreme Right: Seeking Homogeneous Societies. The Extreme Left: Longingfor Societies of "Singularities Pursuing the Common". Conclusions. 8. Questions of Epistemology. Classical Liberals: Moving from Natural Rights to Utilitarianism. Traditional Conservatives: Doubting Reason, Stressing Conventional Wisdom. Anarchists: Depending on a Vision of Human and Social Possibility. Marxists: A Science Showing the Inevitability, not the Goodness, of Communism. Communists: Generating Truths from Authoritative Readings of Marx. Fascists and Nazis: Finding Absolute Truth in the Intuitions of a Political Leader. Contemporary Liberals: Emphasizing Pragmatism. Contemporary Conservatives: Using a Social Science of Political Failure. The Radical Right: Finding Meaning in Tradition and Truth through Science. The Radical Left: Emphasizing Political Rationality. The Extreme Right: Finding Truth in Authoritative Texts and Leaders. The Extreme Left: Contesting and Deconstructing all Truths. Conclusions. Part III: The Great Issues of Politics: Consensual and Contested Principles. 9. Questions of Community. Classical Liberals: Presupposing the Primacy Of Nations. Traditional Conservatives: Patriots Lacking Nationalist Fervor. Anarchists: Rejecting Conventional Communities While Seeking Natural Ones. Marxists: Identifying with the Working Class and Eventually Humanity. Communists: Fighting Imperialism Through Nationalist Appeals. Fascists and Nazis: Embracing a Unified Nationand an Aryan State. Contemporary Liberals: Nations Built on Individual and Group Differences. Contemporary Conservatives: Seeking Moral, but not Communitarian, Countries. The Radical Right: Competing Global, National, and Sub-National Loyalties. The Radical Left: Pursuing Solidarity among Diverse People in Many Polities. The Extreme Right: Rejecting Multiple Community Identities. The Extreme Left: Deconstructing Current Identities. Conclusions. 10. Questions of Citizenship. Classical Liberals: Curbing Citizenship, Providing Limited Rights and Obligations. Traditional Conservatives: Stressing Loyalty and Obedience toAuthorities. Anarchists: Comrades Without Political Obligations. Marxists: Transforming Alienated Workers into Public-Spirited Comrades. Communists: Transforming Oppressed People into Obedient Revolutionaries. Fascists and Nazis: Mobilizing Dutiful Citizens for Purposes of State. Contemporary Liberals: Pursuing Inclusion and Expanding Rights. Contemporary Conservatives: Developing More Responsible Citizens. The Radical Right: Privileging Property Rights and Instilling Virtue. The Radical Left: Embracing Multiple and Deep Citizenships. The Extreme Right: Restricting Citizenship. The Extreme Left: Changing Passive Citizens into Contentious Ones. Conclusions. 11. Questions of Structure. Classical Liberals: Designing Free Markets and Representative Democracies. TraditionalConservatives: Emphasizing Civil Society and Cultural Norms. Anarchists: Rejecting All Conventional Structures. Marxists: Stressing the Oppression of Capitalism. Communists: Emphasizing Party Organizations. Fascists and Nazis: Empowering Totalitarian States. Contemporary Liberals: Balancing and Integrating Government and Capitalism. Contemporary Conservatives: Reining in Strong States. The Radical Right: More Freedom in the Marketplace and Less Cultural Freedom. The Radical Left: Pursuing Market Socialism and Democratic Cultures. The Extreme Right: Seeking Theocracies. The Extreme Left: Fighting Globalization and Other New Forms of Domination. Conclusions. 12. Questions of Rulers. Classical Liberals: Empowering Representatives While Holding Them Accountable. Traditional Conservatives: Finding a Place for Elitism Within Democracy. Anarchists: Rejecting All Rulers. Marxists: The Need for a Temporary Dictatorship of the Proletariat. Communists: The Need for a Vanguard of the Proletariat. Fascists and Nazis: Concentrating Power in the Hands of a Single Leader. Contemporary Liberals: More Representative and Responsive Democracies. The Radical Left: More Inclusive and Participatory Democracies. Contemporary Conservatives: More FormalRepresentative Democracy. The Radical Right: Democracy as Freedom. The Extreme Right: Imagining Conspiracies. The Extreme Left: Seeing Formidable Obstaclesto Global and Radical Democracy. Conclusions. 13. Questions of Authority. Classical Liberals: Authorizing Limited Governments that Secure (Property) Rights. Traditional Conservatives: Orchestrating Social Harmony. Anarchists: Rejecting all Governmental Authority. Marxists: Authority as Oppressive, then Necessary, and Finally Eliminated. Communists: Justifying Massive Authority as a Means to Abolish the State. Fascists and Nazis: Embracing Totalitarian State Authority. Contemporary Liberals: From Limited Government to a Strong State. Contemporary Conservatives: Limiting the Activity of Governments. The Radical Right:Starving Government While Imposing Social Regulations. The Radical Left: Enhancing the Public Sphere. The Extreme Right: Resisting Authority that Disregards Sacred Texts. The Extreme Left: Contesting Governmental Authority. Conclusions. 14. Questions of Justice. Classical Liberals: Equal Dignity but Unequal Rewards. Traditional Conservatives: Unequal Rights but Commensurate Responsibilities. Anarchists: Right Conduct in the Absence of Just Institutions. Marxists:Transcending the Circumstances of Justice. Communists: Using Social Control to Build a Society in which All Needs are Met. Fascists and Nazis: National or Racial Dominance as More Important than Justice. Contemporary Liberals: Compensating for Undeserved Disadvantages. The Radical Left: Pursuing a More Egalitarian Society. Contemporary Conservatives: Criticizing Social Justice, Emphasizing Compassion. The Radical Right: Focusing on Fair Procedures and the Pursuitof the Common Good. The Extreme Right: Regarding Moral Goodness as the Basis of Just Outcomes. The Extreme Left: Decrying Global Injustice while Striving to Share "the Common". Conclusions. 15. Questions of Change. Classical Liberals: Seeking Economic, Intellectual, and Moral Progress. Traditional Conservatives: Slowing the Winds of Change. Marxists: Predicting Revolution From Below. Anarchists: Calling for Rebellion rather than Revolution. Communists: GeneratingRevolutions While Deviating From Marxist Orthodoxy. Fascists and Nazis: Revolutionary Change Toward Certain Conservative Values. Contemporary Liberals: Achieving Fundamental Change Incrementally. Contemporary Conservatives: Pursuing Reforms - of "Failed" Liberal Programs. The Radical Right: Seeking Major Changes, even if they Enhance Inequalities. The Extreme Right: Returning to a Past of Greater Moral Certainty. The Radical Left: Evolutionary Change Toward More Democratic Equality. The Extreme Left: Wholesale and Ongoing Change - Without Revolutions. Conclusions. Notes. References. Index.

• ISBN: 978-1-4051-6835-9
• Editorial: Blackwell
• Encuadernacion: Rústica
• Páginas: 504
• Fecha Publicación: 02/01/2008
• Nº Volúmenes: 1
• Idioma: Inglés