Smart Cities: Foundations, Principles, and Applications

Provides the foundations and principles needed for addressing the various challenges of developing smart cities Smart cities are emerging as a priority for research and development across the world. They open up significant opportunities in several areas, such as economic growth, health, wellness, energy efficiency, and transportation, to promote the sustainable development of cities. This book provides the basics of smart cities, and it examines the possible future trends of this technology. Smart Cities: Foundations, Principles, and Applications provides a systems science perspective in presenting the foundations and principles that span multiple disciplines for the development of smart cities. Divided into three parts foundations, principles, and applications Smart Cities addresses the various challenges and opportunities of creating smart cities and all that they have to offer. It also covers smart city theory modeling and simulation, and examines case studies of existing smart cities from all around the world. In addition, the book: Addresses how to develop a smart city and how to present the state of the art and practice of them all over the world Focuses on the foundations and principles needed for advancing the science, engineering, and technology of smart cities including system design, system verification, real–time control and adaptation, Internet of Things, and test beds Covers applications of smart cities as they relate to smart transportation/connected vehicle (CV) and Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) for improved mobility, safety, and environmental protection Smart Cities: Foundations, Principles, and Applications is a welcome reference for the many researchers and professionals working on the development of smart cities and smart city–related industries. INDICE: Editors Biographies xxiii .List of Contributors xxvii .Foreword xxxiii .Preface xxxv .Acknowledgments xxxvii .1 Cyber Physical Systems in Smart Cities Mastering Technological, Economic, and Social Challenges 1Martina Fromhold–Eisebith .1.1 Introduction 1 .1.2 Setting the Scene: Demarcating the Smart City and Cyber Physical Systems 3 .1.3 Process Fields of CPS–Driven Smart City Development 4 .1.4 Economic and Social Challenges of Implementing the CPS–Enhanced Smart City 10 .1.5 Conclusions: Suggestions for Planning the CPS–Driven Smart City 15 .FinalThoughts 17 .Questions 18 .References 18 .2 Big Data Analytics Processes and Platforms Facilitating Smart Cities 23Pethuru Raj and Sathish A. P. Kumar .2.1 Introduction 24 .2.2 Why Big Data Analytics (BDA) Is Significant for Smarter Cities 24 .2.3 Describing the Big Data Paradigm 26 .2.4 The Prominent Sources of Big Data 27 .2.5 Describing Big Data Analytics (BDA) 29 .2.6 The Big Trends and Use Cases of Big Data Analytics 31 .2.7 The Open Data for Next–Generation Cities 38 .2.8 The Big Data Analytics (BDA) Platforms 39 .2.9 Big Data Analytics Frameworks and Infrastructure 45 .2.10 Summary 51 .FinalThoughts 51 .References 52 .3 Multi–Scale Computing for a Sustainable Built Environment 53Massimiliano Manfren .3.1 Introduction 53 .3.2 Modeling and Computing for Sustainability Transitions 55 .3.3 Multi–ScaleModeling and Computing for the Built Environment 66 .3.4 Research inModeling and Computing for the Built Environment 70 .FinalThoughts 82 .Questions 84 .References 84 .4 Autonomous Radios and Open Spectrum in Smart Cities 99Corey D. Cooke and Adam L. Anderson .4.1 Introduction 99 .4.2 CandidateWireless Technologies 101 .4.3 PHY and MAC Layer Issues in Cognitive Radio Networks 105 .4.4 Frequency Envelope Modulation (FEM) 110 .4.5 Conclusion 116 .FinalThoughts 117 .Questions 118 .References 118 .5 Mobile Crowd–Sensing for Smart Cities 125Chandreyee Chowdhury and Sarbani Roy .5.1 Introduction 125 .5.2 Overview of Mobile Crowd–Sensing 127 .5.3 Issues and Challenges of Crowd–sensing in Smart Cities 135 .5.4 Crowd–sensing Frameworks for Smart City 144 .5.5 Conclusion 149 .FinalThoughts 149 .Questions 150 .References 150 .6 Wide–AreaMonitoring and Control of Smart Energy Cyber–Physical Systems (CPS) 155Nilanjan R. Chaudhuri .6.1 Introduction 155 .6.2 Challenges and Opportunities 156 .6.3 Solutions 159 .6.4 Conclusions and Future Direction 173 .FinalThoughts 175 .Questions 175 .References 175 .7 Smart Technologies and Vehicle–to–X (V2X) Infrastructures for Smart Mobility Cities 181Bernard Fong, Lixin Situ, and Alvis C. M. Fong .7.1 Introduction 181 .7.2 Data Communications in Smart City Infrastructure 182 .7.3 Deployment: An Economic Point of View 186 .7.4 Connected Cars 195 .7.5 Concluding Remarks 202 .FinalThoughts 203 .Questions 203 .References 204 .8 Smart Ecology of Cities: Integrating Development Impacts on EcosystemServices for Land Parcels 209Marc Morrison, Ravi S. Srinivasan, and Cynnamon Dobbs .8.1 Introduction 209 .8.2 Need for Smart Ecology of Cities 212 .8.3 Ecosystem Service Modeling (CO2 Sequestration, PM10 Filtration, Drainage) 214 .8.4 Methodology 219 .8.5 Implementation of Development Impacts in Dynamic–SIM Platform 231 .8.6 Discussion (Assumptions, Limitations, and FutureWork) 234 .8.7 Conclusion 235 .FinalThoughts 236 .Questions 236 .References 236 .9 Data–Driven Modeling, Control, and Tools for Smart Cities 243Madhur Behl and Rahul Mangharam .9.1 Introduction 243 .9.2 RelatedWork 248 .9.3 Problem Definition 250 .9.4 Data–Driven Demand Response 252 .9.5 DR Synthesis with Regression Trees 254 .9.6 The Case for Using Regression Trees for Demand Response 259 .9.7 DR–Advisor: Toolbox Design 261 .9.8 Case Study 263 .9.9 Conclusions and OngoingWork 271 .References 272 .10 Bringing Named Data Networks into Smart Cities 275Syed Hassan Ahmed, Safdar Hussain Bouk, Dongkyun Kim, and Mahasweta Sarkar .10.1 Introduction 275 .10.2 Future Internet Architectures 278 .10.3 Named Data Networking (NDN) 282 .10.4 NDN–based Application Scenarios for Smart Cities 285 .10.5 Future Aspects of NDN in Smart Cities 297 .10.6 Conclusion 303 .FinalThoughts 304 .Questions 304 .References 304 .11 Human Context Sensing in Smart Cities 311Juhi Ranjan and KaminWhitehouse .11.1 Introduction 311 .11.2 Human Context Types 312 .11.3 Sensing Technologies 317 .11.4 Conclusion 331 .FinalThoughts 332 .Questions 332 .References 333 .12 Smart Cities and the Symbiotic Relationship between Smart Governance and Citizen Engagement 343Tori Onker .12.1 Smart Governance 344 .12.2 Case Study Somerville, Massachusetts 348 .12.3 Looking Ahead 365 .FinalThoughts 368 .Questions 370 .References 370 .13 Smart Economic Development 373Madhavi Venkatesan .13.1 Introduction 373 .13.2 Perception of Resource Value, Market Outcomes, and Price 378 .13.3 Conscious Consumption and the Sustainability Foundation of Smart .Cities 384 .FinalThoughts 388 .Questions 388 .References 388 .14 Managing the Cyber Security Life–Cycle of Smart Cities 391Mridul S. Barik, Anirban Sengupta, and Chandan Mazumdar .14.1 Introduction 391 .14.2 Smart City Services 393 .14.3 Smart Services Technologies 394 .14.4 Smart Services Security Issues 396 .14.5 Management of Cyber Security of Smart Cities 397 .14.6 Discussion 403 .14.7 Conclusion 404 .Questions 404 .References 405 .15 Mobility as a Service 409Christopher Expósito–Izquierdo, Airam Expósito–Márquez, and Julio Brito–Santana .15.1 Introduction 409 .15.2 Mobility as a Service 413 .15.3 Case Studies on Mobility as a Service 427 .15.4 Conclusions and Further Research 432 .Acknowledgments 433 .FinalThoughts 433 .Questions 433 .References 434 .16 Clustering and Fuzzy Reasoning as Data Mining Methods for the Development of Retrofit Strategies for Building Stocks 437Philipp Geyer and Arno Schlüter .16.1 Introduction 438 .16.2 Method 440 .16.3 Application Case 442 .16.4 Data Sources and Preprocessing 443 .16.5 Clustering 448 .16.6 Fuzzy Reasoning 456 .16.7 Mixed Fuzzy Reasoning and Clustering 459 .16.8 Postprocessing: Interpretation and Strategy Identification 459 .16.9 Comparison and Discussion ofMethods 464 .16.10 Conclusion 467 .FinalThoughts 468 .Questions 468 .Acknowledgments 469 .References 469 .17 A Framework to Achieve Large Scale Energy Savings for Building Stocks through Targeted Occupancy Interventions 473Aslihan Karatas, Allisandra Stoiko, and Carol C. Menassa .17.1 Introduction 474 .17.2 Objectives 475 .17.3 Review of Occupancy–Focused Energy Efficiency Interventions 476 .17.4 Role of Occupants Characteristics in Building Energy Use 481 .17.5 A Conceptual Framework for Delivering Targeted Occupancy–Focused Interventions 483 .17.6 Case Study Example 490 .17.7 Discussion 493 .17.8 Conclusions and Policy Implications 494 .Questions 496 .Acknowledgment 496 .References 496 .18 Sustainability in Smart Cities: Balancing Social, Economic, Environmental, and Institutional Aspects of Urban Life 503Ali Komeily and Ravi Srinivasan .18.1 Introduction 503 .18.2 Sustainability Assessment in Our Cities 506 .18.3 Sustainability in Smart Cities 508 .18.4 Achieving Balanced Sustainability 511 .FinalThoughts 526 .Questions 527 .References 536 .19 Toward Resilience of the Electric Grid 541JiankangWang .19.1 Electric Grids in Smart Cities 541 .19.2 Threats to Electric Grids 549 .19.3 Electric Grid Response under Threats 558 .19.4 Defense against Threats to Electric Grids 564 .References 573 .20 Smart Energy and Grid: Novel Approaches for the Efficient Generation, Storage, and Usage of Energy in the Smart Home and the Smart Grid Linkup 579Julian Praß, JohannesWeber, Sebastian Staub, Johannes Bürner, Ralf Böhm, Thomas Braun, Moritz Hein, MarkusMichl,Michael Beck, and Jörg Franke .20.1 Generation of Energy 580 .20.2 Storage of Energy 585 .20.3 Smart Usage of Energy 591 .20.4 Summary 604 .FinalThoughts 604 .Questions 605 .References 605 .21 Building Cyber–Physical Systems A Smart Building Use Case 609Jupiter Bakakeu, Franziska Schäfer, Jochen Bauer, MarkusMichl, and Jörg Franke .21.1 Foundations From Automation to Smart Homes 610 .21.2 From Today s Technologically Augmented Houses to Tomorrow s Smart Homes 612 .21.3 Smart Home: A Cyber–Physical Ecosystem 616 .21.4 Connecting Smart Homes and Smart Cities 633 .21.5 Conclusion and Future Research Focus 635 .FinalThoughts 636 .Questions 636 .References 637 .22 Climate Resilience and the Design of Smart Buildings 645Saranya Gunasingh, NoraWang, Doug Ahl, and Scott Schuetter .22.1 Climate Change and Future Buildings and Cities 646 .22.2 Carbon Inventory and Current Goals 648 .22.3 Incorporating Predicted Climate Variability in Building Design 650 .22.4 Case Studies 652 .22.5 Implications for Future Cities and Net–Zero Buildings 666 .FinalThoughts 668 .Questions 668 .References 669 .23 Smart Audio Sensing–Based HVAC Monitoring 673Shahriar Nirjon, Ravi Srinivasan, and Tamim Sookoor .23.1 Introduction 673 .23.2 Background 675 .23.3 The Design of SASEM 679 .23.4 Experimental Results 689 .FinalThoughts 693 .Questions 693 .References 694 .24 Smart Lighting 701Jie Lian and Charles L. Brown .24.1 Introduction 701 .24.2 Background 702 .24.3 Smart Lighting Applications 703 .24.4 Visible Light Communication (Smart Lighting Communication) System 705 .24.5 Conclusion and Outlook 722 .FinalThoughts 723 .Questions 723 .References 723 .25 Large Scale Air–Quality Monitoring in Smart and Sustainable Cities 729Xiaofan Jiang .25.1 Introduction 730 .25.2 Current Approaches to Air Quality Monitoring and Their Limitations 733 .25.3 Overview of a Cloud–based Air QualityMonitoring System 735 .25.4 Cloud–Connected Air QualityMonitors 737 .25.5 Cloud–Side System Design and Considerations 740 .25.6 Data Analytics in the Cloud 743 .25.7 Applications and APIs 752 .FinalThoughts 752 .Questions 755 .References 755 .26 The Smart City Production System 759Gary Graham, Jag Srai, Patrick Hennelly, and Roy Meriton .26.1 Introduction 759 .26.2 Types of Production System: Historical Evolution 761 .26.3 The Integrated Smart City Production System Framework 765 .26.4 Production System Design 767 .26.5 Chapter Summary 771 .FinalThoughts 772 .Questions 772 .References 772 .27 Smart Health Monitoring Using Smart Systems 777Carl Chalmers .27.1 Introduction 777 .27.2 Background 779 .27.3 Integration for Monitoring Applications 790 .27.4 Conclusion 792 .FinalThoughts 793 .Questions 793 .References 793 .28 Significance of Automated Driving in Japan 797Sadayuki Tsugawa .28.1 Introduction 797 .28.2 Definitions of Automated Driving Systems 798 .28.3 A History of Research and Development of Automated Driving Systems 799 .28.4 Expected Benefits of Automated Driving 808 .28.5 Issues of Automated Driving for Market Introduction 809 .28.6 Possible Market Introduction of Automated Driving Systems in Japan 812 .28.7 Conclusion 819 .Questions 820 .References 820 .29 Environmental–Assisted Vehicular Data in Smart Cities 823Wei Chang, Huanyang Zheng, JieWu, Chiu C. Tan, and Haibin Ling .29.1 Location–Related Security and Privacy Issues in Smart Cities 824 .29.2 Opportunities of Using Environmental Evidences 826 .29.3 Challenges of Creating Location Proofs 827 .29.4 Environmental Evidence–Assisted Vehicular Data Framework 829 .29.5 Conclusion 845 .FinalThoughts 845 .Questions 846 .References 846 .Index 849

• ISBN: 978-1-119-22639-0
• Editorial: Wiley–Blackwell
• Encuadernacion: Cartoné
• Páginas: 912
• Fecha Publicación: 05/09/2017
• Nº Volúmenes: 1
• Idioma: Inglés