Energy Storage in Power Systems

Over the last century, energy storage systems (ESSs) have continued to evolve and adapt to changing energy requirements and technological advances. Energy Storage in Power Systems describes the essential principles needed to understand the role of ESSs in modern electrical power systems, highlighting their application for the grid integration of renewable–based generation. Key features: Defines the basis of electrical power systems, characterized by a high and increasing penetration of renewable–based generation. Describes the fundamentals, main characteristics and components of energy storage technologies, with an emphasis on electrical energy storage types. Contains real examples depicting the application of energy storage systems in the power system. Features case studies with and without solutions on modelling, simulation and optimization techniques. Although primarily targeted at researchers and senior graduate students, Energy Storage in Power Systems is also highly useful to scientists and engineers wanting to gain an introduction to the field of energy storage and more specifically its application to modern power systems. INDICE: Foreword .Preface .1 Introduction to modern power systems .1.1 Introduction .1.2 Smart Grid Architecture Model .1.3 Electric power system .1.3.1 Power system structure .1.3.2 Power system analysis fundamentals .1.4 Energy Management Systems .1.5 Computational techniques .1.5.1 Optimization methods and Optimal Power Flow .1.5.2 Security Constrained Optimal Power Flow .1.6 Microgrids .1.7 Regulation of the electricity system and electrical markets .1.8 Exercise: Loadflow algorithm with GaussSeidel .2 Renewable power based generating systems .2.1 Renewable power systems .2.1.1 Wind power systems .2.1.2 Solar photovoltaic power systems .2.2 Renewable power generation technologies .2.2.1 Renewable power generation technology based on rotative electrical generators .2.2.2 Wind turbine technology .2.2.3 Photovoltaic power plants .2.3 Grid code requirements .2.4 Conclusions .3 Frequency support grid code requirements for wind power plants .3.1 Review of European Grid Codes regarding participation in frequency control .3.1.1 Nomenclature and definition of power reserves .3.1.2 Deployment sequence of power reserves for frequency control .3.1.3 Detailed view on requirements for wind power plants by the Grid Code of Ireland .3.1.4 Detailed view on requirements for wind power plants by the Grid Code of the United Kingdom .3.1.5 Future trends regarding the provision of primary reserves and synthetic inertia by wind power plants .3.2 Participation methods of wind power plants for primary frequency control and synthetic inertia .3.2.1 Deloading methods of wind turbines for primary frequency control .3.2.2 Synthetic inertia .3.3 Conclusions .4 Energy storage technologies .4.1 Introduction .4.2 Technology description .4.2.1 Pumped Hydro Storage (PHS) .4.2.2 Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) .4.2.3 Conventional batteries and flow batteries .4.2.4 Hydrogenbased Energy Storage System (HESS) .4.2.5 Flywheel Energy Storage System (FESS) .4.2.6 Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) .4.2.7 Supercapacitor Energy Storage System .4.2.8 Notes on other energy storage systems .4.3 Power conversion systems for electrical storages .4.3.1 Application: Electrical power system .4.3.2 Other applications (I): The electromobility field .4.3.3 Other applications (II): Buildings .4.3.4 Battery management systems (BMSs) .4.4 Conclusions .5 Cost models and economic analysis .5.1 Introduction .5.2 Cost model for storage technologies .5.2.1 Capital costs .5.2.2 Operation and maintenance costs .5.2.3 Replacement costs .5.2.4 End of life costs .5.2.5 Cost model synthesis .5.3 Example of application .5.3.1 Collection of data for cost model evaluation .5.3.2 Analysis of results .5.4 Conclusions .6 Modeling, control and simulation .6.1 Introduction .6.2 Modeling of storage technologies: a general approach oriented to simulation objectives .6.3 Modeling and control of the grid side converter .6.3.1 Modeling .6.3.2 Control .6.4 Modeling and control of storage side converters and storage containers .6.4.1 Supercapacitors and DCDC converters .6.4.2 Secondary batteries and DCDC converters .6.4.3 Flywheels and ACDC converters .6.5 Example of application: discharging storages following different control rules .6.5.1 Input data .6.5.2 Discharge (charge) modes for supercapacitors .6.5.3 Discharge (charge) modes for batteries .6.5.4 Discharge (charge) modes for flywheels .6.6 Conclusions .7 Short term applications of energy storages in the power system .7.1 Introduction .7.2 Description of shortterm applications .7.2.1 Fluctuation suppression .7.2.2 Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT) .7.2.3 Voltage control support .7.2.4 Oscillation damping .7.2.5 Primary frequency control .7.3 Example on fluctuation suppression: flywheels for wind power smoothing .7.3.1 The problem of wind power smoothing .7.3.2 Optimal operation of the flywheel for wind power smoothing .7.3.3 Design of the highlevel energy management algorithm of the flywheel .7.3.4 Experimental validation .7.4 Chapter conclusions .8 Mid and long term applications of energy storages in the power system .8.1 Introduction .8.2 Description of mid and long term applications .8.2.1 Load following .8.2.2 Peak shaving .8.2.3 Transmission curtailment .8.2.4 Time shifting .8.2.5 Unit commitment .8.2.6 Seasonal storage .8.3 Example: sizing of batteries for load following in an isolated power system with PV generation .8.3.1 Step 1. Typical load and PV generation profiles .8.3.2 Step 2. Battery bank voltage level .8.3.3 Step 3. Typical daily current demand for the battery bank .8.3.4 Step 4. Number of days of autonomy .8.3.5 Step 5. Total daily demand for the battery bank .8.3.6 Step 6. Battery capacity .8.3.7 Step 7. Number of cells in series .8.3.8 Step 8. Number of parallel strings of cells in series .8.3.9 Step 9. Check admissible momentary current for the battery cells .8.3.10 Step 10. Maximum charge and discharge currents for battery bank considering PV generation .8.3.11 Step 11. Selection of power inverters .8.4 Chapter conclusions .References

• ISBN: 978-1-118-97132-1
• Editorial: Wiley–Blackwell
• Encuadernacion: Cartoné
• Páginas: 312
• Fecha Publicación: 13/05/2016
• Nº Volúmenes: 1
• Idioma: Inglés