Languages In The World: How History, Culture, and Politics Shape Language

This innovative introduction outlines the structure and distribution of the world s languages, charting their evolution over the past 200,000 years. Balances linguistic analysis with socio–historical and political context, offering a cohesive picture of the relationship between language and society Provides an interdisciplinary introduction to the study of language by drawing not only on the diverse fields of linguistics (structural, linguist anthropology, historical, sociolinguistics), but also on history, biology, genetics, sociology, and more Includes nine detailed language profiles on Kurdish, Arabic, Tibetan, Hawaiian, Vietnamese, Tamil, !Xóõ (Taa), Mongolian, and Quiché A companion website offers a host of supplementary materials including, sound files, further exercises, and detailed introductory information for students new to linguistics INDICE: Map of the Languages of the World i .IPA Consonant and Vowel Charts ii .List of Images iii .List of Maps iv .Preface: To Our Readers iv .PART I. LINGUISTIC PRELIMINARIES: APPROACH AND THEORY .Introductory Note: On Language .Chapter One All Languages Were Once Spanglish .The Mexican State of Coahuila y Tejas .1. What is Language? .2. How Many Languages are There? .3. How and When did Language Get Started? .4. The Structure of Spanglish .Final Note: The Encounter of Spanish and English on American Television .Exercises .Discussion Questions .Chapter Two The Language Loop .The Australian Walkabout .1. Introducing the Language Loop .2. Language and Cognition .3. Language, the World, and Culture .4. Language and Linguistic Structure .5. Language, Discourse, and Ideology .6. On Major and Minor Languages .Final Note: The Contingencies of Time, Place, and Biology .Exercises .Discussion Questions .Chapter Three Linguistics and Classification .The Role of Sanskrit in Philology .1. On Linguistics, Philology, Linguists, and Grammarians .2. Genetic Classification .3. Areal Classification .4. Typological Classification .5. Functional Classification .Final Note: The Role of Sanskrit in India Today .Exercises .Discussion Questions .PART II. EFFECTS OF POWER .Introductory Note: On Power .Chapter Four Effects of the Nation–State and the Possibility of Kurdistan .Lines Are Drawn in the Sand .1. The Status of Language on the Eve of the Nation–State .2. The Epistemology of the Nation–State .3. The French Revolution, German Romanticism, and Print Capitalism .4. Standardization and the Instilling of Vergonha .5. Language and Individual Identity .6. What s Race Got to do With It? .7. The Problematic Race–Nation–Language Triad: Three Case Studies .Final Note: The Kurds Today Different Places, Different Outcomes .Language Profile: Kurdish .Exercises .Discussion Questions .Chapter Five The Development of Writing in the Litmus of Religion and Politics .The Story of the Qur ân .1. The Magico–Religious Interpretations of the Origins of Writing .2. Steps Toward the Representation of Speech .3. Types of Writing Systems .4. Religion and the Spread of Writing .5. The Always Already Intervention of Politics .6. Orality and Literacy .Final Note: Azerbaijan Achieves Alphabetic Autonomy .Language Profile: Arabic .Exercises .Discussion Questions .Chapter Six Language Planning and Language Law: Shaping the Right to Speak .Melting Snow and Protests at the Top of the World .1. Language Academies: The First Enforcers .2. Another Look at Prescriptivism .3. Making Language Official: A Tale of Three Patterns .4. Language Policy and Education: A Similar Tale of Three Patterns .5. Language Planners and Language Police .Final Note: Choosing Death or Life .Language Profile: Tibetan .Exercises .Discussion Questions .PART III: EFFECTS OF MOVEMENT .Introductory Note: On Movement .Chapter Seven A Mobile History: Mapping Language Stocks and Families .Austronesian Origin Stories .1. Population Genetics and Links to Language .2. A Possible Polynesian Reconstruction .3. Linguistic Reconstructions Revisited .4. Proto–Indo–European and its Homeland .5. Other Language Stocks and Their Homelands .6. Models of Language Spread .7. Lost Tracks .Final Note: On Density and Diversity .Language Profile: Hawaiian .Exercises .Discussion Questions .Chapter Eight Colonial Consequences: Language Stocks and Families Remapped .Eiffel Towers in Vietnam .1. Time–Depths and Terminology .2. The Middle Kingdom: Government Encouraged Migrations .3. Linguistic Geography: Residual Zones and Spread Zones .4. Eurasian Empires: Persians, Mongols, Slavs, and Romans .5. Religions as Proto–Nations and Missionaries as Colonizers .6. English as an Emergent Language Family .Final Note: Creoles and the Case of Kreyòl Ayisyen .Language Profile: Vietnamese .Exercises .Discussion Questions .Chapter Nine Postcolonial Complications: Violent Outcomes .Tamil Tigers Create New Terrorist Techniques .1. What s in a Name? Burma/Myanmar .2. Modern Sudan: The Clash of Two Colonialisms .3. The Caucasian Quasi–States: Two Types of Conflict .4. Poland s Shifting Borders .5. Basque and the Terrorist ETA .6. The Zapatista Uprising and Indigenous Languages in Chiapas .Final Note: The Parsley Massacre .Language Profile: Tamil .Exercises .Discussion Questions .PART IV: EFFECTS OF TIME .Introductory Note: On Time .Chapter Ten The Remote Past: Language Becomes Embodied .Look there! .1. Seeking Linguistic Bedrock .2.The Primate Body and Human Adaptations to Language .3. Evolution in Four Dimensions .4. The Genetic Story .5. Grammatical Categories and Deep–Time Linguistics .6. Complexity and the Arrow of Time .Final Note: The Last Stone Age Man in North America .Language Profile: !Xóõ .Exercises .Discussions Questions .Chapter Eleven The Recorded Past: Catching up to Conditions Made Visible .Mongolian Horses .1. Chapter Three. The Invariable Word in English .2. Chapter Four. The Shift to Head–Marking in French .3. Chapter Five. Writing and e–Arabic .4. Chapter Six. Mongolian Cases .5. Chapter Seven. Reformulating Hawaiian Identity .6. Chapter Eight. Varieties of Chinese: Yesterday and Today .7. Chapter Nine. Juba Arabic Pidgin, Nubi, and Other African Creoles .Final Note: Language Change in Progress .Language Profile: Mongolian .Exercises .Discussion Questions .Chapter Twelve The Imagined Future: Globalization and The Fate of Endangered Languages .Gold in the Mayan Highlands .1. Beyond the Nation–State: The Globalized New Economy .2. Money Talks: What Language Does it Speak? .3. When the Language Loop Unravels .4. Language Hotspots .5. Rethinking Endangerment .6. Technology to the Rescue .7. Anishinaabemowin Revitalization in Wisconsin .8. What Is Choice? .Final Note: Our Advocacies .Language Profile: Quiché .Discussion Questions .References .Subject Index .Language Index

• ISBN: 978-1-118-53128-0
• Editorial: John Wiley & Sons
• Encuadernacion: Rústica
• Páginas: 384
• Fecha Publicación: 04/11/2015
• Nº Volúmenes: 1
• Idioma: Inglés