This is the first book on adaptive aeroservoelasticity and it presents the nonlinear and recursive techniques for adaptively controlling the uncertain aeroelastic dynamics Covers both linear and nonlinear control methods in a comprehensive manner Mathematical presentation of adaptive control concepts is rigorous Several novel applications of adaptive control presented here are not to be found in other literature on the topic Many realistic design examples are covered, ranging from adaptive flutter suppression of wings to the adaptive control of transonic limit–cycle oscillations INDICE: Preface v .1 Introduction 1 .1.1 Aeroservoelasticity 1 .1.2 Unsteady Aerodynamics 4 .1.3 Linear Feedback Design 7 .1.4 Parametric Uncertainty and Variation 11 .1.5 Adaptive Control Design 13 .1.5.1 Adaptive Control Laws 15 .1.6 Organization 20 .References 21 .2 Linear Control Systems 23 .2.1 Notation 23 .2.2 Basic Control Concepts 23 .2.3 Input–Output Representation 26 .2.3.1 Gain and Stability 26 .2.3.2 Small Gain Theorem 28 .2.4 Input–Output Linear Systems 29 .2.4.1 Laplace Transform and Transfer Function 30 .2.5 Loop Shaping of Linear Control Systems 34 .2.5.1 Nyquist Theorem 36 .2.5.2 Gain and Phase Margins 38 .2.5.3 Loop Shaping for Single Variable Systems 40 .2.5.4 Singular Values 42 .2.5.5 Multi–variable Robustness Analysis: Input–Output Model 43 .2.6 State–Space Representation 44 .2.6.1 State–Space Theory of Linear Systems 45 .2.6.2 State Feedback by Eigenstructure Assignment 50 .2.6.3 Linear Observers and Output Feedback Compensators 52 .2.7 Stochastic Systems 54 .2.7.1 Ergodic Processes 59 .2.7.2 Filtering of Random Noise 61 .2.7.3 Wiener Filter 62 .2.7.4 Kalman Filter 63 .2.8 Optimal Control 67 .2.8.1 Euler–Lagrange Equations 67 .2.8.2 Linear, Quadratic Optimal Control 69 .2.9 Robust Control Design by LQG/LTR Synthesis 73 .2.10 H2=H1 Design 79 .2.10.1 H2 Design Procedure 82 .2.10.2 H1 Design Procedure 83 .2.11 –Synthesis 84 .References 89 .3 Aeroelastic Modelling 91 .3.1 Structural Model 92 .3.1.1 Statics 92 .3.1.2 Dynamics 95 .3.1.3 Typical Wing Section 97 .3.2 Aerodynamic Modelling Concepts 102 .3.2.1 Governing Equations for Unsteady Flow 103 .3.2.2 Full–Potential Equation 104 .3.2.3 Transonic Small–Disturbance Equation 108 .3.3 Baseline Aerodynamic Model 110 .3.3.1 Integral Equation Formulation 113 .3.3.2 Subsonic Unsteady Aerodynamics 113 .3.3.3 Supersonic Unsteady Aerodynamics 118 .3.4 Preliminary Aeroelastic Modelling Concepts 119 .3.5 Ideal Flow Model for Typical Section 124 .3.6 Transient Aerodynamics of Typical Section 129 .3.7 State–Space Model of the Typical Section 130 .3.8 Generalized Aeroelastic Plant 133 .References 140 .4 Active Flutter Suppression 143 .4.1 Single Degree–of–Freedom Flutter 145 .4.2 Bending–Torsion Flutter 150 .4.3 Active Suppression of Single Degree–of–Freedom Flutter 152 .4.4 Active Flutter Suppression of Typical Section 157 .4.4.1 Open–Loop Flutter Analysis 158 .4.5 Linear Feedback Stabilization 160 .4.5.1 Pole–Placement Regulator Design 161 .4.5.2 Observer Design 163 .4.5.3 Robustness of Compensated System 165 .4.6 Active Flutter Suppression of Three–Dimensional Wings 169 .References 173 .5 Self–Tuning Regulation 175 .5.1 Introduction 175 .5.2 Online Plant Identification 176 .5.2.1 Least–Squares Parameter Estimation 176 .5.2.2 Least–Squares Method with Exponential Forgetting 178 .5.2.3 Projection Algorithm 178 .5.2.4 Autoregressive Identification 179 .5.3 Design Methods for Stochastic Self–Tuning Regulators 180 .5.4 Aeroservoelastic Applications 180 .References 184 .6 Nonlinear Systems Analysis and Design 185 .6.1 Introduction 185 .6.2 Preliminaries 186 .6.2.1 Existence and Uniqueness of Solution 187 .6.2.2 Expanded Solution 188 .6.3 Stability in the Sense of Lyapunov 189 .6.3.1 Local Linearization about Equilibrium Point 191 .6.3.2 Lyapunov Stability Theorem 193 .6.3.3 LaSalle Invariance Theorem 196 .6.4 Input–Output Stability 197 .6.4.1 Hamilton–Jacobi Inequality 197 .6.4.2 Input–State Stability 198 .6.5 Passivity 199 .6.5.1 Positive Real Transfer Matrix 200 .6.5.2 Stability of Passive Systems 202 .6.5.3 Feedback Design for Passive Systems 204 .References 205 .7 Nonlinear Oscillatory Systems and Describing Functions 207 .7.1 Introduction 207 .7.2 Absolute Stability 208 .7.2.1 Popov Stability Criteria 211 .7.2.2 Circle Criterion 211 .7.3 Describing Function Approximation 215 .7.4 Applications to Aeroservoelastic Systems 218 .7.4.1 Nonlinear and Uncertain Aeroelastic Plant 219 .References 222 .8 Model Reference Adaptation of Aeroservoelastic Systems 223 .8.1 Lyapunov–Like Stability of Non–autonomous Systems 224 .8.1.1 Uniform Ultimate Boundedness 225 .8.1.2 Barbalat s Lemma 226 .8.1.3 LaSalle–Yoshizawa Theorem 226 .8.2 Gradient Based Adaptation 230 .8.2.1 Least–Squared Error Adaptation 231 .8.3 Lyapunov Based Adaptation 232 .8.3.1 Nonlinear Gain Evolution 237 .8.3.2 MRAS for Single–Input Systems 238 .8.4 Aeroservoelastic Applications 240 .8.4.1 Reference Aeroelastic Model 241 .8.4.2 Adaptive Flutter Suppression of Typical Section 243 .8.4.3 Adaptive Stabilization of Flexible Fighter Aircraft 252 .References 261 .9 Adaptive Backstepping Control 263 .9.1 Introduction 263 .9.2 Integrator Backstepping 264 .9.2.1 A Motivating Example 265 .9.3 Aeroservoelastic Application 271 .References 272 .10 Adaptive Control of Uncertain Nonlinear Systems 273 .10.1 Introduction 273 .10.2 Integral Adaptation 274 .10.2.1 Extension to Observer Based Feedback 276 .10.2.2 Modified Integral Adaptation with Observer 277 .10.3 Model Reference Adaptation of Nonlinear Plant 281 .10.4 Robust Model Reference Adaptation 283 .10.4.1 Output–Feedback Design 291 .10.4.2 Adaptive Flutter Suppression of a Three–Dimensional Wing 296 .References 302 .11 Adaptive Transonic Aeroservoelasticity 303 .11.1 Steady Transonic Flow Characteristics 304 .11.2 Unsteady Transonic Flow Characteristics 308 .11.2.1 Thin Airfoil with Oscillating Flap 308 .11.2.2 Supercritical Airfoil Oscillating in Pitch 316 .11.3 Modelling for Transonic Unsteady Aerodynamics 318 .11.3.1 Indicial Method 319 .11.3.2 Volterra–Wiener Method 319 .11.3.3 Describing Function Method 320 .11.4 Transonic Aeroelastic Plant 324 .11.5 Adaptive Control of Control–Surface Nonlinearity 325 .11.5.1 Transonic Flutter Mechanism 327 .11.6 Adaptive Control of Limit–Cycle Oscillation 330 .References 337 .A Analytical Solution for Ideal Unsteady Aerodynamics 339 .A.1 Pure Heaving Oscillation 343 .A.2 K¨ussner–Schwarz Solution for General Oscillation 344 .References 345 .B Solution to Possio s Integral Equation for Subsonic Unsteady Aerodynamics 347 .B.1 Dietze s Iterative Solution 348 .B.2 Analytical Solution by Fettis 349 .B.3 Closed–Form Solution 352 .References 353 .C Flutter Analysis of Modified DAST–ARW1 Wing 355 .References 364
- ISBN: 978-1-118-45763-4
- Editorial: Wiley–Blackwell
- Encuadernacion: Cartoné
- Páginas: 392
- Fecha Publicación: 05/02/2016
- Nº Volúmenes: 1
- Idioma: Inglés