This fully revised edition provides a modern overview of the intersection of hydrology, water quality, and water management at the rural–urban interface. The book explores the ecosystem services available in wetlands, natural channels and ponds/lakes. As in the first edition, Part I examines the hydrologic cycle by providing strategies for quantifying each component: rainfall (with NOAH 14), infiltration, evapotranspiration and runoff. Part II examines field and farm scale water quality with an introduction to erosion prediction and water quality. Part III provides a concise examination of water management on the field and farm scale, emphasizing channel design, field control structures, measurement structures, groundwater processes and irrigation principles. Part IV then concludes the text with a treatment of basin–scale processes. A comprehensive suite of software tools is available for download, consisting of Excel spreadsheets, with some public domain models such as HY–8 culvert design, and software with public domain readers such as Mathematica, Maple and TK solver. INDICE: Acknowledgments, xv .Preface, xvii .About the companion website, xix .1 Natural resources engineering opportunities, 1 .1.1 Definitions, 2 .1.2 The hydrologic cycle and the water soil air biotic continuum, 3 .1.3 Changing land uses due to societal forces, 4 .1.4 Natural resources and ecological engineering scope addressed in this text, 5 .1.5 Outlook, 11 .References, 14 .Part One: Quantifying the Hydrologic Cycle .2 Precipitation, 19 .2.1 Precipitation mechanisms, types, and measurement, 19 .2.2 Precipitation analysis, 23 .2.3 Introduction to hydrologic frequency analysis, 25 .2.4 Local–scale precipitation analysis, 29 .2.5 Calculating storm magnitudes for design purposes, 30 .2.5.1 Storm simulation, 30 .2.5.2 Probable maximum precipitation, 34 .2.6 Pollution transport by precipitation, 34 .2.7 The water quality storm, 35 .2.8 Climate change and precipitation, 35 .2.9 Outlook, 36 .References, 37 .3 Infiltration, 39 .3.1 Infiltration, percolation, and subsurface flow defined, 39 .3.2 Factors affecting infiltration of aqueous materials, 40 .3.3 Darcy s law, 41 .3.4 Water infiltration and percolation prediction, 45 .3.5 Infiltration measurement, 50 .3.6 Pollutant transport by subsurface flow, 51 .3.7 Outlook, 53 .References, 55 .4 Evapotranspiration, 57 .4.1 Background and factors affecting evapotranspiration, 57 .4.2 Evaporation prediction approaches, 58 .4.3 Evaporation from water surfaces based solely on aerodynamic effects or mass balance, 58 .4.4 Evaporation prediction from the energy–balance Bowen–ratio method, 60 .4.5 Reference evaporation prediction accounting for aerodynamic effects and energy balance the Penman Monteith combination equation method, 62 .4.6 Empirical and approximate methods for Ep, 70 .4.7 Physical simulation and measurements of ET, 74 .4.8 Outlook, 77 .References, 79 .5 Runoff, 81 .5.1 Background, 81 .5.2 Watershed or catchment delineation, 84 .5.3 Runoff volume for a compact watershed, 86 .5.4 Peak runoff rate with compact watersheds, 93 .5.5 Selecting the design storm, 103 .5.6 Frequency analysis of runoff, 111 .5.7 Runoff from complex watersheds, 112 .5.8 Outlook, 114 .References, 118 .Part Two: Field– and Farm–Scale Water Quality .6 Water erosion, 123 .6.1 Background, 124 .6.2 Factors affecting water erosion, 124 .6.3 Soil erosion versus sediment yield, 125 .6.4 Soil loss tolerance, 126 .6.5 Water erosion types, 126 .6.6 Erosion mechanics, 128 .6.7 Predicting soil detachment and upland erosion, 129 .6.8 The weighted RrfCprac factor for average annual erosion computation, 138 .6.9 Prediction of sediment yield, 142 .6.10 Legal aspects, 145 .6.11 Modeling approaches for sediment yield prediction, 145 .6.12 Erosion control practices in agriculture, 148 .6.13 Erosion and sediment control with construction, 149 .6.14 Erosion and nutrient pollution, 152 .6.15 Outlook, 152 .References, 156 .7 Water quality and management at farm/field scales, 159 .7.1 Water quality background, 159 .7.2 Important concepts and selected pollution measurement techniques, 163 .7.3 Scale effects, 165 .7.4 Best management practices for nonpoint pollution abatement, 169 .7.5 Quantitative removal and renovation of selected pollution constituents, 176 .7.6 Modeling pollution fate and transport, 178 .7.7 Outlook, 179 .References, 181 .Part Three: Water management on the field and farm scales .8 Open channel hydraulics fundamentals, 185 .8.1 Hydraulics fundamentals, 185 .8.2 Channel design and construction, 194 .8.3 Outlook, 208 .References, 212 .9 Vegetated waterways and bioswales, 215 .9.1 Vegetated waterways and diversions, 215 .9.2 Bioswales, 222 .9.3 Outlook, 225 .References, 226 .10 On–site erosion management, 229 .10.1 Terraces on the farm, 230 .10.2 Erosion and sediment control in urban areas, 244 .10.3 Outlook, 247 .References, 251 .11 Hydraulics of water management structures, 253 .11.1 Structure types, 254 .11.2 Hydraulic concepts, 258 .11.3 Stage discharge relationships of weir inlets and flumes, 259 .11.4 Discharge relations of orifices and sluice gate inlet devices, 265 .11.5 Flow hydraulics of closed conduits, 265 .11.6 Stage discharge curves for culverts and spillways, 275 .11.7 Closed conduit systems for urban storm water collection, 281 .11.8 Water measurement structures for irrigation and aquaculture, 282 .11.9 Ecologic suitability, 282 .11.10 Outlook, 284 .References, 287 .12 Hydraulics of Impoundments, 289 .12.1 Soils fundamentals for embankment construction, 290 .12.2 Flood routing through reservoirs and related structures, 297 .12.3 General pond design, 303 .12.4 Applications, 314 .12.5 Outlook, 323 .References, 329 .13 Shallow Groundwater Management, 331 .13.1 Surface drainage, 332 .13.2 Subsurface flow fundamentals, 333 .13.3 Pipe drainage, 335 .13.4 Shallow wells, 347 .13.5 Uniform infiltration and drainage to a nearby stream, 353 .13.6 Outlook, 354 .References, 356 .14 Introduction to irrigation, 359 .14.1 Irrigation systems overview, 360 .14.2 Soil water plant relations, 362 .14.3 Soil intake rate, 369 .14.4 Water quality issues and leaching requirement for crop well–being, 369 .14.5 Irrigation efficiency, 372 .14.6 Effective rainfall and irrigation scheduling, 374 .14.7 Computing ET requirements peak ET, 376 .14.8 Computing ET requirements seasonal water use, 376 .14.9 Irrigation pumping rate for meeting ET requirements, 377 .14.10 Water rights and legal underpinnings, 378 .14.11 Manual or wheel–move lateral sprinkler system design, 378 .14.12 Center pivot system specification, 390 .14.13 Linear move irrigation machines, 394 .14.14 Design for nontraditional applications, 394 .14.15 Microirrigation system design with pressure compensated emitters, 397 .14.16 Safety, 401 .14.17 Outlook, 401 .References, 405 .Part Four: Basin–scale Processes .15 Ecological assessment and engineering, 409 .15.1 Watershed assessment background, 410 .15.2 Watershed assessment methods, 411 .15.3 Principles of ecological engineering and ecosystem services, 445 .15.4 Outlook, 447 .References, 450 .Appendices .A Ethics, stakeholder views, case studies, and precision, 457 .A catalog of ethical views, 458 .Making sense of the ethical catalogue one person s view, 461 .Resource economics social traps , 462 .Case study one pitcher plant community viability, 463 .Case study 2 a hypothetical case concerning clean water act compliance, 466 .Significant digits and presentation precision, 467 .References, 468 .B Selected Excel® and other software package solutions, 471 .Selected symbolic solutions, 472 .Determining bottom width and depth in a trapezoidal channel with known slope, side slope, and permissible velocity, 472 .Determining depth and side slope in a triangular channel with known slope and permissible velocity, 473 .Determining slope and depth in a triangular channel with known flow rate, permissible velocity and side slope (z), 473 .References, 474 .C Tractive force method for waterway design, 475 .Riprap–lined or earthen waterways, 475 .Vegetated waterways, 477 .References, 479 .D Land forming, structure selection, installation, and forces on conduits, 481 .Land forming computations, 481 .Impoundment and embankment volume calculations, 483 .Setting slope stakes for cuts and fills, 486 .Techniques for installation of channels and other structures, 486 .Layout of circular curves, 487 .Small channels or minor topography modifications, 489 .Terrace construction and layout, 491 .Post–construction stormwater management options, 494 .Dry detention pond, 494 .Extended wet detention pond, 494 .Constructed wetlands, 494 .Grass swale, 494 .Filter strip and level spreader, 495 .Infiltration trench, 495 .Oil/grit separator, 495 .Source (EPA post–construction) key definitions, 495 .Materials specifications for channels and structures, 498 .Rural road construction, 498 .Buried pipe loading, 499 .Trench safety, 502 .References, 503 .E Selected units conversions, 505 .Index, 507
- ISBN: 978-1-118-92872-1
- Editorial: Wiley–Blackwell
- Encuadernacion: Cartoné
- Páginas: 536
- Fecha Publicación: 07/10/2016
- Nº Volúmenes: 1
- Idioma: Inglés