Habitats and Biota of the Gulf of Mexico: Before the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

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The Gulf of Mexico is an open and dynamic marine ecosystem rich in

natural resources but heavily impacted by human activities, including

agricultural, industrial, commercial and coastal development. Nutrients

and pollutants from coastal communities and dozens of rivers flow into the

Gulf, including material from the Mississippi River watershed, which drains

over one third of continental United States. The Gulf of Mexico has been

continuously exposed to petroleum hydrocarbons for millions of years

from natural oil and gas seeps on the sea floor, and more recently from oil

drilling and production activities located in the water near and far from

shore. Major accidental oil spills in the Gulf are infrequent.

This is a two volume open access set under a CC BY-NC license.