A unique introduction for general readers to the underlying concepts of nanotechnology, covering a wide spectrum ranging from biology to quantum computing.The material is presented in the simplest possible way, including a few mathematical equations, but not mathematical derivations. It also outlines as simply as possible the major contributions to modern technology of physics-based nanophysical devices, such as the atomic clock, global positioning systems, and magnetic resonance imaging. As a result, readers are able to establish a connection between nanotechnology and day-to-day applications, as well as with advances in information technology based on fast computers, the internet, dense data storage, Google searches, and new concepts for renewable energy harvesting.Also of interest to professionals working in law, finance, or teaching who wish to understand nanotechnology in a broad context, and as general reading forelectrical, chemical and computer engineers, materials scientists, applied physicists and mathematicians, as well as for students of these disciplines. INDICE: Preface IX1 Discovery, Invention, and Science in Human Progress 11.1 Origins of Technology, the Need for Human Survival 11.2 The Industrial Revolution: Watt’s Steam Engine, Thermodynamics, Energy Sources 21.3 A Short History of Time: Navigation, Longitudes, Clocks 41.4 The Information Revolution: Abacus to Computer Chips and Fiber Optics 51.5 Overlap and Accelerating Cascade of Technologies: GPS, Nuclear Submarines 61.6 Silicon and Biotechnologies: Carbon Dating, Artificial Intelligence 71.7 Nanotechnology: A Leading Edge of Technological Advance, a Bridge to the Future 131.8 How to Use This Book 15References 162 Smaller Is More, Usually Better, and Sometimes Entirely New! 172.1 Nanometers, Micrometers, Millimeters - Visualizing a Nanometer 182.2 Moore’s Law: from 30 Transistors to a Billion Transistors on One Chip and Cloud Computing192.3 Miniaturization: Esaki’s Tunneling Diode, 1-TB Magnetic Disk Read Heads222.4 Accelerometers and Semiconductor Lasers 242.5 Nanophysics-Based Technology: Medical Imaging, Atomic Clock, Sensors, Quantum Computers 26References 273 Systematics of Scaling Things Down: L = 1 m †’ 1 nm 293.1 One-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Scaling 293.2 Examples of Scaling: Clocks, Tuning Forks, Quartz Watches, Carbon Nanotubes 313.3 Scaling Relations Illustrated by Simple Circuit Elements 373.4 Viscous Forces for Small Particles in Fluid Media 383.5What about Scaling Airplanes and Birds to Small Sizes? 39References 404 Biology as Successful Nanotechnology 414.1 Molecular Motors in Large Animals: Linear Motors and Rotary Motors 414.2 Information Technology in Biology Based on DNA 464.3 Sensors, Rods, Cones, and Nanoscale Magnets 524.4 Ion Channels: Nanotransistors of Biology 53References 535 The End of Scaling: The Lumpiness of AllMatter in the Universe 555.1 Lumpiness of Macroscopic Matter below the 10-μmScale 555.2 Hydrogen Atom of Bohr: A New Size Scale, Planck’s Constant 575.3 Waves of Water, Light, Electron, and Their Diffractions 605.4 DeBroglie MatterWavelength 625.5 Schrodinger’s Equation 635.6 The End of Scaling, the Substructure of the Universe 635.7 What Technologies Are Directly Based on These Fundamental Particles and Spin? 64Reference 656 Quantum Consequences for the Macroworld 676.1 Quantum Wells and Standing Waves 676.2 Probability Distributions and Uncertainty Principle 696.3 Double Well as Precursor of Molecule 716.4 The Spherical Atom 736.5 Where Did the Nuclei Come From (Atoms Quickly Form aroundThem)? 756.6 The Strong Force Binds Nuclei 756.7 Chemical Elements: Based on Nuclear Stability 766.8 Molecules and Crystals: Metals as Boxes of Free Electrons 77References 797 Some Natural and Industrial Self-Assembled Nanostructures817.1 Periodic Structures: A Simple Model for Electron Bands and Gaps 817.2 Engineering Electrical Conduction in Tetrahedrally Bonded Semiconductors 837.3 Quantum Dots 857.4 Carbon Nanotubes 867.5 C60 Buckyball 91References 928 Injection Lasers and Billion-Transistor Chips 938.1 Semiconductor P-N Junction Lasers in the Internet 938.2 P-N Junction and Emission of Light at 1.24 μm 988.3 Field Effect Transistor 1019 The Scanning Tunneling Microscope and Scanning Tunneling Microscope Revolution 1059.1 Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) as Prototype 1059.2 Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and Magnetic Force Microscope (MFM) 1109.3 SNOM: Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscope 11510 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Nanophysics of Spin ½ 11710.1 Imaging the Protons in Water: Proton Spin ., a Two-Level System 11710.2 Magnetic Moments in a Milligram of Water: Polarization and Detection 11810.3 Larmor Precession, Level Splitting at 1 T 11910.4 Magnetic Resonance and Rabi Frequency 12010.5 Schrodinger’s Cat Realized in Proton Spins 12110.6 Superconductivity as a Detection Scheme for Magnetic Resonance Imaging 12210.7 Quantized Magnetic Flux in Closed Superconducting Loops 12310.8 SQUID Detector of Magnetic Field Strength 124A SQUID-Based MRI Has Been Demonstrated 12511 Nanophysics and Nanotechnology of High-Density Data Storage 12711.1 Approaches to Terabyte Memory: Mechanical and Magnetic 12711.2 The Nanoelectromechanical Millipede Cantilever Array and Its Fabrication12711.3 The Magnetic Hard Disk 132Reference 13712 Single-Electron Transistorsand Molecular Electronics 13912.1 What Could Possibly Replace the FET at the End of Moore’s Law? 13912.2 The Single-Electron Transistor (SET) 13912.3 Single-Electron Transistor at Room Temperature Based on a Carbon Nanotube 14212.4 Random Access Storage Based on Crossbar Arrays of Carbon Nanotubes 14312.5 A Molecular Computer! 147References 14913 Quantum Computers and Superconducting Computers 15113.1 The Increasing Energy Costs of Silicon Computing 15213.2 Quantum Computing 15213.3 Charge Qubit 15413.4 Silicon-Based Quantum-Computer Qubits 15513.5 Adiabatic Quantum Computation 157Analog to Digital Conversion (ADC) Using RSFQ Logic 15913.6 Opportunity for Innovation in Large-Scale Computation160References 16114 Looking into the Future 16314.1 Ideas, People, and Technologies 16314.2 Why the Molecular Assembler of Drexler: One Atom at a Time, Will Not Work 16614.3 Man-Made Life: The Bacterium Invented by Craig Venter and Hamilton Smith 16914.4 Future Energy Sources 17114.5 Exponential Growth in Human Communication 17314.6 Role of Nanotechnology 175References 175Notes 177Index199
- ISBN: 978-3-527-41109-2
- Editorial: Wiley-VCH
- Encuadernacion: Rústica
- Páginas: 214
- Fecha Publicación: 04/04/2012
- Nº Volúmenes: 1
- Idioma: Inglés